ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Samples of 12 hospitalized Korsakoffs, 12 hospitalized non‐Korsakoff alcoholics, and 12 controls, all groups being of comparable age range, were tested using a set of seven visual and olfactory measures which involved memory. By stepwise multiple discriminant analysis it was shown that strong separation could be effected between the three groups, solely on the basis of the olfactory recognition and recall tests, which included the Campbell–Gregson (1972) procedure. The use of anosmia as a diagnostic indicator for Korsakoff's syndrome is discus

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Beck's Hopelessness scale was administered to a sample of 400 randomly selected adults in order to derive norms for the scale for the general population. The mean HS score was 4·45 with a standard deviation of 3·9, approximately one standard deviation lower than the reported means for clinical groups. The relationship between HS scores and the demographic variables, sex, age, socio‐economic status and marital status, was also exami

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distinction between paranoid and non‐paranoid forms of schizophrenia is discussed. The different methods of making the distinctions are examined as well as some of the different variables to which it has been applied. It is suggested that the grounds on which the distinction is made are often questionable and that there is a case for saying that they may not even be tenabl

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Schizophrenics with high or low levels of frontalis muscle tensions while at rest (base‐line) were instructed to respond (button‐press) at different rates, allowed to respond at any rate they preferred, and reinforced for responding under different schedules of reinforcement. Information about response–reinforcement relationships was provided for each reinforcement schedule. High and low levels of base‐line muscle tensions were associated with high and low rates of preferred and reinforced responding, respectively. Response rates also varied with different contingencies of reinforcement. Further, the data permit the following tentative conclusions: (a) under certain contingencies, responding may vary more with base‐line muscle tensions than with the contingency of reinforcement, and (b) instructed rates of responding may not be correlated consistently with base‐line musc

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐seven patients who had been treated for brain tumours during childhood were assessed on standardized measures of intellectual ability. Five patients could not be satisfactorily assessed. For the remaining 42, the mean IQ was lower than expected (90·0), with 20 patients having scores in the ‘below average’ categories. There were no apparent effects in IQ between patients treated for different tumours, but patients treated before five years of age had significantly lower scores (mean = 76·54) than patients treated from 6–10 years (mean 91·86) and 10–16 years (99·93). There was wide variability in educational achievement and type of employment am

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies have shown that inducing elated and depressed moods by verbal mood inductions differentially affects the accessibility of memories of past happy and unhappy experiences. This study examined whether the accessibility effects obtained resulted from differences in moods induced or from differences in the procedures used to induce moods. Mood induction procedures from which all references to the subjects' life experience had been eliminated were used to induce elated and depressed moods. Subjects were then asked to retrieve past life experiences associated to each of a series of stimulus words. The experiences retrieved were subsequently rated for their original happiness/unhappiness and pleasantness/unpleasantness. Happy and pleasant experiences were more probable in elated than in depressed mood. Unhappy and unpleasant experiences were more probable in depressed than in elated mood. The extent of differences in accessibility between mood conditions correlated with the extent to which mood actually differed between conditions. There was no relationship between the extent of differences in accessibility and the extent to which subjects reported thinking about their life circumstances during the mood inductions. The results replicate previous findings and suggest that the observed differences in accessibility result from the differences in mood induced rather than directly from the differences in mood induction procedures.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effectiveness of frontalis electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback in the treatment of chronic tension headaches using shaping and generalization procedures, was examined. Following remission, that took place early in the experiment (as a consequence of recording incidence), nine subjects from a sample of 40 patients suffering from chronic tension headaches were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions: five to a ‘frontalis EMG‐biofeedback’ group, and four to a control condition designated ‘high expectations of cure’. Frontalis EMG headache frequency and duration, personality variables, psychosomatic complaints and medication intake were recorded. Following treatment, results indicated that biofeedback was significantly superior to the control condition in reducing headache. Subjects in the biofeedback group achieved a high degree of control over EMG responses under different stress conditions. Progress was maintained at 10 month

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The grid test for schizophrenic thought disorder was administered to a sample of 149 psychiatric patients. This sample was drawn from a population with a known base rate of schizophrenia and an estimated base rate of thought disorder, thus allowing for the calculation of population specific cutting scores for the grid test.The grid test, using these data along with others from previous grid test studies, was then analysed for diagnostic efficiency using conditional probability formulae.The conclusion reached is that the grid test for schizophrenic thought disorder is unsatisfactory as a diagnostic instrument.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1981.tb00497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY