摘要:

Statistical analysis of single‐case time‐series data has received considerable attention. Many of the techniques discussed in the literature require long series of data or sophisticated statistical techniques. The present paper describes a number of ‘quick and dirty’ non‐parametric tests which can be applied to relatively short time series. These tests require minimal calculations and can be carried out by inspecting graphical plots of the data. Each test is illustrated and tables for significance testing have been worked out. The importance of these tests lies in their potential to facilitate the accurate description of time series data. They are recommended as techniques for exploratory data analysis, the philosophy of which parallels Sidman's (1960) ‘data led’ approach to ex

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of schizophrenics to judge facial emotion was examined using a new test derived to remedy methodological inadequacies in previous studies. The derivation procedure of the test is described. Five groups of 20 subjects each took part: acute schizophrenics, chronic schizophrenics, schizophrenics in remission, in‐patients with depressive illness and normal subjects. They were asked to make a dichotomous emotion judgement (‘happy’ or ‘sad’) about a set of photographed faces: and then to make a dichotomous non‐emotion judgement (‘old’ or ‘young’) on a set of photographs chosen from the same original pool to form a task of equal difficulty and discriminating ability. It was predicted, from previous studies, that acute schizophrenics would be specifically impaired on judging emotional expression in faces. Instead, they were found to be impaired on both an emotion and a nonemotion task on photographs of faces when these tasks were matched for difficulty and discriminating ability. They were significantly worse than remitted schizophrenics and normal subjects for both tasks, and for emotion, significantly worse then depressed subjects as well. The findings are considered in the light of current theories of visual processing in schizophrenia and of the neuropsychology

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The increasing use of schizoid personality scales with normals has led to a number of validation studies, but to date there are no published analyses of the factorial structure of these scales. This study presents results of factor analyses of schizoid personality scales in an initial attempt to delincate their factorial structure. Questionnaires were administered to 114 male and female undergraduates and factor analysed using Varimax, Quartimax, and Oblique rotations. A two‐factor varimax solution yielded a first factor accounting for 49 per cent of total unrotated variance with high (0.70 to 0.91) loadings from Hallucinatory predisposition, Perceptual aberration, Schizophrenism, STA and STB scales, and was interpreted as reflecting a general factor of schizoid personality disorder. Psychoticism and Social anhedonia loaded on a second factor accounting for 20 per cent of the variance which was uncorrelated (r= 0.09) with factor 1. This factor solution was closely replicated using quartimax and oblimin rotation criteria. It is concluded that Social anhedonia and Psychoticism represent a separate dimension from other scales which reflect the more positive features of schizoid personalit

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Self‐report measures were administered to 136 patients with Parkinson's disease in order to explore the relationships between aspects of psychological adjustment (depression, positive affect and acceptance of illness) and physical illness (duration of the illness, stage of illness and functional disability). Many psychosocial variables which, it was hypothesized, might intervene in the relationship between physical and psychological status were also measured. These were coping style, social support, self‐esteem, attributions about the onset and course of the illness, perceived control and previous psychiatric history. A variable pattern of relationships between the different indices of psychological adjustment and physical illness emerged. Self‐esteem, coping style and practical support contributed significantly to the variance in psychological adjustment. It was concluded that wellbeing in Parkinsonian patients is not exclusively dependent on a simple relationship between disability and depression, and that other factors should be taken into account in the clinical management of the il

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Perceived personal control has been found to be predictive of desirable outcomes in a variety of health care settings. It was hypothesized that it would also explain some of the variance in adaptation to and coping with physical disability and would therefore be predictive of recovery. A Recovery Locus of Control scale (RLOC) was developed, independent judges agreeing on five internal and four external items. The scale was shown to have good internal consistency when used with adults recently disabled by a stroke or wrist fracture. Patients' RLOC was assessed at the start of rehabilitation and recovery from physical disability was monitored using measures appropriate for each clinical group. In both groups, greater internality was associated with faster recovery. Results are discussed with respect to the likely mediating factors and the role of health professionals in facilitating internality.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between subjective memory and objective assessment using a test designed to reflect daily life memory skills, the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT). A total of 78 patients was assessed seven months after a stroke. Each patient completed a questionnaire about memory problems experienced in daily life. A relative or close friend completed the same questionnaire about the patient. Each patient was assessed on the RBMT and some conventional memory tests. Questionnaire responses were more highly correlated with the RBMT than with conventional tests of memory.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eleven depressed, 11 stable bipolar and six manic patients, 20 normals and eight late middle‐age normals were tested for speech production using a word‐fluency task. Fluency was prompted by either a letter (a relatively automatic task), or a semantic category (an effort‐demanding task). The results showed that depressed patients were more impaired in speech production than other patients when prompted by a semantic category than when prompted by a letter. Apost bocmatched‐tasks check suggested that this finding was not due to differences in discriminating power between the two word‐fluency tasks. Manic and stable bipolar patients did not differ in their speech production, although matched on age. The results suggest that depressives perform better on more automatic than on efort‐demanding tasks, and that manic and stable bipolar patients do not differ in speech production when experimentally imposed restrictions

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The most directly relevant evidence in favour of mood state‐dependent retention (SDR) has confounded matching of mood at learning and recall with matching of mood‐induction procedure. In this study 157 college students participated in a two (same vs. different mood at learning and free recall of neutral words) by two (same vs. different type of mood induction at learning and recall) experiment. Recall did not significantly differ among the groups. Use of neutral material might have precluded finding effects of mood on memory, but neutral material is optimal for separating mood SDR from mood‐congruent retr

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and the Self‐Consciousness Scale were administered to a sample of undergraduate students. The Private Self‐Consciousness and Social Anxiety subscales were significantly correlated with CFQ, suggesting that dispositional self‐focused attention may be one underlying cause of cognitive failure. Similarities in the relation between CFQ, SCS and task performance are disc

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To investigate the hypothesis that people in Northern Ireland are using denial to cope with the impact of political violence, a specially designed version of the Stroop test was developed. English students living in Northern Ireland evidenced significantly greater interference on the Violent Stroop compared to either English students living in England or Northern Irish students living in Northern Ireland suggesting that while the Northern Irish natives had habituated to the violence the English students living in Northern Ireland had not yet done so.

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY