ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this article, we clarify, expand and revise the basic postulates of the hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson, Alloy&Metalsky, 1988a; Abramson, Metalsky&Alloy, 1987, 1988b; previously referred to as the reformulated helplessness theory of depression: Abramson, Seligman&Teasdale, 1978) and place the theory more explicitly in the context of work in descriptive psychiatry about the heterogeneity among the depressive disorders. We suggest that the hopelessness theory hypothesizes the existence in nature of an, as yet, unidentified subtype of depression’‐ ‘hopelessness depression’ ‐ defined, in part, by its cause. We then give a critique of work conducted to test the hopelessness theory and explicate the limitations in research strategy associated with this line of work. Our critique includes a logical analysis that deduces the conceptual and methodological inadequacies of the research strategies used to test the theory. Finally, we suggest more adequate research strategies for testing the hopelessness theory and discuss conceptual and assessment issues that will arise in conducting such tests with special emphasis on attribution

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three models of the relation of negative cognitive style to depression are outlined: (1) a symptom model, where negative cognitions are a symptom of depression, (2) a vulnerability model, where a negative life‐event in combination with cognitive vulnerability leads to depression and (3) an alternative aetiologies model, where depression can be precipitated either by stressful life‐events or by a negative cognitive style. Differential predictions from the three models were examined in data from a general population survey of 193 mothers where a reliable case identification procedure and life‐events interview were used together with measures of attributional style and self‐esteem. Results were mostly consistent with the alternative aetiologies model, but also gave some support for the symptom model. In some cases, negative cognitive style may act to increase the risk of depression onset in the absence of life‐eve

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The attributional vulnerability model of depression has rarely been tested in prospective designs, or as an interaction of stressful events and cognitions, or with depression as a specific response outcome. Moreover, the model has rarely been applied to children. All these issues were addressed in this study of prediction of diagnoses during a six‐month follow‐up for a sample of children that included offspring of women with affective disorders presumed to be at high risk for depression. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses failed to support the attributional hypotheses: depression was best predicted by initial symptoms and by life stress but not by attributions for negative outcomes or the interaction of attributions and life‐events. Non‐affective diagnoses, on the other hand, were predicted by an interaction of life‐events and attributions. The results suggest limitations in the range of application of the attributional model in clinical samples, at least with children and adolescent

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research suggests that causal attributions for life‐events are involved in the process of recovery from depression. The study assessed depressive symptoms and attributions before and after treatment in 40 clients. Each client received two forms of therapy in a cross‐over design: Exploratory (relationship‐oriented, interpersonal) therapy, and Prescriptive (cognitive‐behavioural) therapy. During the course of treatment, attributions became significantly more unstable, specific and controllable. There was a positive relation between attributional change and change in depression symptoms, with significant correlations occurring on all dimensions, apart from Externality, and on a composite

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An analysis of the role of attribution in major illness and serious injury is presented. Evidence reviewed includes the impact of illness variables on attributions, the association between attributions and adjustment to illness, and the proposed mechanisms of this association. Illness and injury characteristics such as severity and time since diagnosis appear to relate to attributional activity and content, but the association between attributions and psychological or physical adjustment is weak. Overall, it would appear that the attribution construct can describe individuals' reactions to life‐threatening illness or injury. However, the utility of attribution in understanding the processes involved in adjustment to illness has not yet been demonstrate

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the level of congruence in causal attributions and diabetes‐specific perceived control between doctor and patients during routine diabetes clinic consultations. The effectiveness of a strategy for improving the congruence of doctor and patients' attributions was examined. Fifty‐four patients with poorly controlled insulin requiring diabetes mellitus were assigned to one of three forms of consultation: (1) routine consultation, (2) a consultation where doctor and patient explicitly negotiated and agreed the nature of the problem(s) to be discussed, (3) consultation as in (2) but doctor and patient negotiated and agreed not only the problems but also their causal attributions for the problems discussed. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that the experimental manipulations were successful in improving problem and attribution congruence across the groups. Predicted mismatches in perceived control between doctor and patient in Group I were demonstrated, and, as expected, were reduced in Groups II and III. The clinical implications of differing levels of congruence in attributions and perceived control were considered in analyses of glycaemic control and patients' satisfaction with their consultat

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although a reliable association between attributions and concurrent marital satisfaction has been documented, the dominant role assigned to attributions in cognitively oriented accounts of marital dysfunction lacks a firm empirical foundation. To redress this imbalance, the major ideas guiding theoretical analyses of attributions in marriage are identified, namely, that attributions (a) initiate or maintain marital dissatisfaction and (b) mediate the behaviour exchanges characteristic of distressed and non‐distressed marriages. Four studies are reported that provide initial support for these hypotheses. In view of these findings, the distinction between private and communicated attributions underlying this research is used to guide the development of an integrative framework relating attributions, behaviour and marital satisfaction. The relevance of this framework for future research and for marital therapy is discusse

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Whereas attribution has traditionally been regarded as an individual process, we argue that attributions can also be located at a group level. A study of the causal beliefs of 10 families undergoing family therapy is reported, which shows that attributional change can be identified as a family as well as an individual process. Families considered not to have ‘changed’ following therapy differed from the ‘changing’ families in attributing negative outcomes to more stable causes, but were similar in their increased use of internal attributions for other people's actions. This pattern is interpreted within family systems

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two shortcomings of attributional therapy and therapy‐related research are pointed out. First, crucial comparisons between attributional inductions are not being made, so that the variables mediating change remain uncertain and, secondly, the full theory is not being used, thereby greatly limiting the possible change programme

ISSN:0144-6657    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY