摘要:

The term presbycusis is vague and needs specific signs and symptoms for its definition. Several different types of presbycusis, depending on the type of lesion, have been proposed. This article suggests a working definition of “classic presbycusis,” which may be defined as a syndrome involving (1) a bilaterally symmetric sensorineural hearing loss, (2) absent or partial recruitment, (3) negative noise history, and (4) poorer speech discrimination than indicated by pure tones (phonemic regression).

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Long-term disabling dizziness is a rare but serious postoperative complication of stapedectomy. The temporal bone collection of the Ear Research Institute in Los Angeles includes 117 bones from patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral stapes operations. Of them, nine patients (8 percent) complained of severe long-term postoperative dizziness. Histologic examination of the temporal bones revealed a pathologic condition in the peripheral vestibular system of seven patients; the remaining two patients showed normal maculae, cristae, and vestibular nerve. Pathologic conditions found were suppurative labyrinthitis in one case, endolymphatic hydrops in two cases, fibrous adhesions in the utricle in two cases, and a bone fragment in contact with the saccule in one case. An undiagnosed inferior vestibular nerve schwannoma was present in one case of unilateral stapedectomy that was followed by constant unsteadiness. Because there are many causes of poststapedectomy dizziness, a complete neurotologic evalution is indicated in every case for a specific diagnosis.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a background fourtalker babble on the comfortable loudness level (CLL) for speech (California Consonant Test stimuli) using three sets of instructions. Three groups of twelve normal-hearing subjects each were tested using an adjustment psychophysical method. Each group received one of three sets of instructions, which were selected to sample the lower limit, most comfortable, or upper limit of the CLL range. Speech CLLs were initially obtained in quiet, then in the presence of four levels of competition (50 to 80 dB SPL, or 70 to 100 dB SPL), and finally in quiet again. Very similar means were found for the two quiet conditions for all instructions, indicating that the intervening four-talker conditions did not alter the final quiet CLL. The four-talker babble resulted in very substantial CLL shifts for the lower limit instructions, although relatively little effect was observed on the upper limit of the CLL range. These differential effects were reflected as a systematic reduction in the CLL range with increasing competition levels. Whereas there was a ∼ 60-dB CLL range when the lower and upper limits were measured in quiet, introduction of the 80-dB SPL competition reduced this range to ∼ 16 dB. These data raise questions as to which instructions are most appropriate when CLLs are used to select and evaluate hearing aids, and how much, if any, background competition should be employed when making these measurements.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hearing was studied in nineteen patients with Meniere's disease before and after administration of three different hyperosmolar solutions—glycerol, ethanol, and Mannitol. Ethanol and Mannitol were found to be much less effective than glycerol in producing hearing gain. Alternative mechanisms underlying the observed differences are discussed.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cholesteatoma derived its name, many years ago, from its association with cholesterol crystals. However, this association was not clarified, and it remained a semi-mystery. This study is an attempt to establish the topographic relationship, frequency, and source of cholesterol crystal deposits in cholesteatoma and related conditions.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article is based on our reports at the International Cholesteatoma Conference, in Tel Aviv, March 1981. Included are a review of the evolution of the intact canal wall technique at the Otologic Medical Group and a detailed review of the findings at planned and unplanned revisions.We are currently using the intact canal wall procedure in 75 percent of our surgical procedures for cholesteatoma and obliteration technique in 20 percent, and leaving the cavity exteriorized in 5 percent. Seventy-five percent of the procedures are staged.Planned revisions were indicated to obtain an ear free of disease and an ear with satisfactory hearing. Residual disease was suspected in half of the revisions but found in only one-fourth. The middle ear was more commonly involved than the epitympanum or mastoid. A satisfactory functional result was obtained in 80 percent.Unplanned revisions were indicated primarily because of an unsatisfactory hearing result. Recurrent cholesteatoma was the indication in only fifteen cases. Residual cholesteatoma was uncommon.The key factor in the understanding of the incidence of residual and recurrent disease, and the functional result, is an understanding of the surgeons' philosophy. Surgeons who vigorously pursue a good functional result in all cases face a dilemma, regardless of how they manage the mastoid. The more persistent they are, the more problems they may encounter. A planned two-stage procedure frequently will be necessary to accomplish the dual objectives of tympanoplasty surgery: an ear free of disease and an ear with a good functional result.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Auditory brain-stem response (ABR) results are reported on three cases of acoustic tumors and two cases with brain-stem lesions. These cases highlight several considerations in the clinical use of ABR. The sensitivity of ABR to retrocochlear involvement in light of normal pure-tone hearing and cochlear hearing loss is shown in the first two cases. The third case shows the advantage of “contralateral” ABR testing and a unique effect of stimulus polarity. The use of an intensity function and high presentation rate procedures are shown to be helpful diagnostic procedures in case four. Case five shows bilateral ABR effects which correlate well with the degree of brain-stem involvement. In addition to the ABR data, audiologic, radiologic, and medical findings on these patients are also discussed.

ISSN:0192-9763    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID