ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212817

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Aging emerges as a condition of major concern in relation to humane and economic aspects of health care for the balance of this century and future times to come. Persons in the United States older than age 65 years are expected to more than double in number between now and the year 2020. Already, one out of every five people 85 years and older in the United States is a patient in a nursing home, with neurologic diseases being responsible for the infirmity for well over half. Inherited and degenerative diseases of the nervous system are overwhelmingly a problem of aging. To solve the problem will demand the most vigorous effort and cooperation on the part of both public and private health resources.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212818

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Age differences are not found for the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) measured with positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2-deoxy-D-glucose, in healthy subjects at rest and with reduced sensory stimulation. Furthermore, measures of cognitive function are not correlated with resting rCMRglc in healthy subjects. In patients with presumptive Alzheimer’s disease (AD), regional cerebral blood flow is reduced throughout the brain in relation to the severity of dementia, whereas regional reductions in rCMRgglc are correlated with neuropsychometric deficits subserved by those regions. Right-left asymmetries in rCMRglc appear early in AD and are correlated with appropriate right-left asymmetries in language as compared to visuo-constructive abilities. Thus, PET, when combined with neuropsychological measures, can be used to examine specific cerebral function changes during the course of A

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212819

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Various parameters of copulatory behavior were examined in intact and castrated testosterone-(T-)treated male rats of various ages ranging from 3 to 27 months. Serum T levels were controlled by subcutaneous implantation of different sizes of T-filled Silastic capsules at the time of castration. In intact male rats, scores of various parameters of copulatory behavior declined gradually from middle age and no ejaculation was observed in any rats over 22 months of age. When serum T levels were maintained at 0.78–0.87 ng/ml for 6 months from 4 months of age, these rats showed the same copulatory activity as intact rats, except that fewer rats exhibited ejaculation at 8 and 10 months of age and showed decreased total mount frequency at 10 months of age. Even when serum T levels were maintained at 2.95–3.53 ng/ml for a period of 6 months from 18 months of age, copulatory activity still declined gradually and no rats over 22 months of age ejaculated. However, long-term elevation of serum T level could prevent further decline of intromission frequency in old age. These results indicate that the copulatory activity of male rats in response to circulatory T declined with advancing age and that prolonged low levels of serum T had only a minor role in the onset of decreased responsiveness of neural male sexual behav

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212760

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

‘Depression in the fifties’ is assumed to signify ‘involutional melancholia’, a diagnosis which was once much used but is now disappearing. It has been proposed that this category arose from what was essentially a comparison between unipolar and bipolar depressions but which ignored the differences in the modal age o

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212821

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A correlation between the continuity of the cerebral blood flow pattern and the cerebral vascular resistance (namely, cerebral arteriosclerosis) was investigated by the Doppler ultrasonic technique. The following facts were observed.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212822

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The concept of an inverse relationship between life span of adult Drosophila and their developmental temperature is probably the result of an unwarranted generalization. Rather, in a wild-type laboratory strain the present study revealed a plateau phase in this relationship between 16 and 29 ° C in which life span of both male and female flies was roughly independent of developmental temperature. Below and above this range, life span dropped drastically, development being impossible below 12 and above 32.5 °C. Simultaneous study of growth characteristics showed that the plateau phase corresponded to a ‘physiological’ range of developmental temperature, development being apparently disturbed outside that range. Within that physiological range, the growth rate of the flies varied 2-fold, while life span remained constant corroborating our previous conclusion that growth rate per se does not determine life

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212761

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Many brain modifications have been described in ageing: cognitive functions, learning ability and memory retention decline very frequently. It is not clear whether the observed deficits are related to alterations in memory processes (short- or long-term memory), in memory modulation or in nonassociative factors. We tried to correlate the morphological neurophysiological and neurochemical changes in aged brain with the decline in learning behaviour. Psychopharmacology of ageing is developing quickly, but presently no data are completely convincing, even though prospects are interesting.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212823

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Alternating developmental temperature within the viable range 13–33 °C, with increasing amplitude around a mean value of 23 °C but constant period (2 days, a 1 day/1 day rhythm), resulted in increased duration of development, decreased body weight and decreased growth rate of both male and female flies. Life span of female flies also decreased with increasing amplitude of temperature of oscillation but that of males increased (compared to that at the mean temperature) at moderate temperature amplitude. Variation of the period of oscillation (from a rhythm of 6 h/6 h up to 2 days/2 days) with constant amplitude (23 ± 5 °C), on the other hand, did not affect either duration of development or body weight of the flies. However, life span of the females only was unaffected but that of males was increased (above that at mean constant temperature 23 °C) at the fast oscillation patterns (6 h/6 h and 1 day/1 day). Finally, life span of both sexes was positively correlated with growth rate in the constant period/varying amplitude case, whereas in previous studies variation of growth rate in the same range by other means showed a biphasic or an invariant pattern of life span dependence on growth rate. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis of epigenetic influence on life span by alternating developmental temperature and corroborate the previous conclusion that growth rate per se does not determine lif

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212762

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The special requirements of scales for detecting and measuring dementia in its various aspects are described. Some available scales are evaluated accordingly.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212824

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1986

数据来源: Karger