ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213817

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been shown to serve as a Go-coupled receptor in cell-free systems [Okamoto et al: J Biol Chem 1995;270:4205–4208]. However, it has not been known whether APP exerts intracellular signaling functions in living cells. In this study, we show that stimulation of APP by anti-APP antibody as well as by a mutation found in familial Alzheimer’s disease results in activation of a specific set of mitogen-activated protein kinases in multiple vertebrate cells. We conclude that APP acts as a cell surface receptor of biological relevance that turns on specific Ser/Thr kinases, and suggest that the signaling function of APP is a potential target of familial Alzheimer’s disease muta

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213818

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Stride length, stance width and gait symmetry were measured as parameters of gait analysis in young (5 months) and old (28 months) Sprague-Dawley rats following 3 months of treadmill running as well as in sedentary controls. Stride length decreased significantly with age and increased significantly following training in both young and old rats. Means of stance width increased significantly with age, but were unaffected by training. Gait symmetry declined with age; however, treadmill running counteracted the decline of gait symmetry. It was concluded that treadmill running compensates for or prevents age-related changes in the neuromuscular function of rats, which lead to gait detoriation.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213764

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT) is characterized by progressive deficits of multiple cognitive functions in elderly more than 65 years of age. The APOE-ε4 allele has been shown to be a risk factor for SDAT. To investigate the genetic interactions between SDAT and the APOE/APOC1/APOC2 gene cluster located at 19q13.2, we genotyped these genes in patients with SDAT and nondemented controls. Although allelic associations were found between the APOC1 locus and SDAT (p = 0.0022) as well as between the APOE locus and SDAT (p < 0.0001), no associations were detected between the APOC2 locus and SDAT. And the association between the APOE and APOC1 locus in SDAT was statistically more significant than that in controls (p < 0.001). Estimation of the haplotype frequencies indicated that the association between the APOE/APOC1 haplotype and SDAT was more significant than linkage disequilibrium between the APOE and APOC1 locus (p < 0.01). These results suggest that genetic interaction between the APOE and APOC1 gene could modify a risk factor of APOE-ε4 for SDAT. The APOE/APOC1 locus was estimated to be responsible for 54.8% of SDAT in the Japanese populat

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213820

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In recent papers, new data were presented on the late-age reproduction experiment initiated by Luckinbill and Clare in 1981: when early- and late-reproduced lines were compared simultaneously 10 years after the end of the original experiment, differences in the mean life span are observed between the lines. Yet the conditions in which these measurements were done are highly questionable. More fundamentally, using these data, the analysis of the selection process is impossible and conclusions about the determinism of life span are debatable.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213765

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The age-related morphological changes in the darkly stained sex-dimorphic nucleus (SDN-POA) and the lighter staining surrounding area (non-SDN-POA) within the medial division of preoptic nucleus of Long-Evans rats were studied. The long-term effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) on the changes were also assessed. During aging, the neuron loss in 14-(middle-age) and 22-month-old rats as well as increased pyknotic ratio of neurons in old male rats were observed in SDN-POA, but not in the non-SDN-POA. In female rats, significant neuron loss with advancing age was observed both in SDN-POA and the non-SDN-POA. Neuron loss in SDN-POA of EB-treated males was more severe than that of the intact males, while no significant difference of neuron loss was observed between EB-treated and age-matched intact female rats. However, neuron loss in SDN-POA of ovariectomized female rats was more severe than that of the age-matched intact females. These results indicate that age-related neuron loss in medial preoptic nucleus show sex-specific and area-specific features, and estradiol may play a important role in modulating neuron loss during aging.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213766

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Production of a member of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, activin A, was examined in the bone tissue by using reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction. As a result, specific bands were detected showing the presence of activin A mRNA in the bone tissues. In order to localize the production site of activin A in the bone tissues, we tried to immunolocalize activin A in fetal mouse calvaria cultured in a medium containing fetal calf serum, 1α-25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone. In these cultured calvaria, bone tissues including bone-resorbing osteoclasts in vitro were observed. Positive staining demonstrating the presence of activin A resided inside of the multinucleated cells in the bone-resorbing lacunae, suggesting the production of activin A in osteoclasts. Activin A was also localized immunohistochemically in the osteoclast-like multinucleated cells developed in vitro. These results suggest that osteoclasts produce activin in the bone tissues and that activin may play some roles by auto-crine and/or paracrine manner in bone metabolis

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213821

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We evaluated quantitatively the efficiency and safety of, and influence of either prior arterial injury or immunity against adenovirus on adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into injured arteries of a relatively large animal model, the dog. A replication-defective adenovirus expressing bacterial lacZ was introduced percutaneously into balloon-injured femoral arteries through a double balloon catheter. After a single dose of adenovirus, up to 90% of surface and smooth muscle cells in multiple layers of the media showed transgene expression evaluated by X-Gal histostaining without extralocal expression, as assessed by the polymerase chain reaction. High level expression measured as β-galactosidase activity peaked at 7 days after transfer and was transient, though retained for a month. Gene transfer performed just after balloon injury induced sub-maximal gene expression. A second administration of the same adenovirus to the same arterial site enhanced lacZ expression significantly despite the presence of an immune response. Expression of lacZ was also detected in preimmunized dogs, although the expression levels correlated inversely to the titer of neutralizing antibodies in their serum. These data may provide a scientific foundation for the use of adenovirus-mediated arterial gene transfer in future clinical practice

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213822

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sixty patients (mean age 80 years) with cognitive impairment who required parenteral fluids for at least 48 h were randomized to receive either intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) fluids. There was no significant difference in the mean volume of fluid prescribed over 48 h in the two groups (s.c. 3.3 litres vs. i.v. 3.6 litres) or in the proportion of prescribed fluids actually administered (s.c. 0.82 vs. i.v. 0.76). After adjusting for baseline differences, there was no difference between serum urea or creatinine levels in the two groups at 48 h. Agitation related to the infusion was reported in 11 (37%) patients receiving s.c. fluids and 24 (80%) patients receiving i.v. fluids (p < 0.005). The cost of the cannulae used during the study was E6.80 for the s.c. group and E28.70 for the i.v. group. Local oedema was noted in 2 patients in the s.c. group and led to re-siting of the infusion in 1 patient. No other complication was noted. These results suggest that s.c. fluid therapy is the treatment of choice in nonurgent situations for confused patients who require parenteral fluids.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213768

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Type I and type II macrophage scavenger receptors (MSR) have six structurally distinct domains. MSR are known to mediate a wide range of ligand recognition, endocytosis, phagocytosis and macrophage adhesion. Expression of mutated receptors in various cultured cells and analysis using synthetic peptides indicate that two coiled-coil domains, α-helical coiled-coil domain (domain IV) and collagen-like domain (domain V) mediate these functions. Domain IV is essential for the trimerization of MSR and EDTA-resistant adhesion function. Domain V is essential for the wide range of ligand recognition. Cooperation of these two domains is also essential for the cellular function of MSR including pH-dependent ligand dissociation

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000213823

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1996

数据来源: Karger