摘要:

The problem of developing a geriatric pharmacotherapy is briefly discussed. It is stressed that combined scientific knowledge from biological, clinical and pharmacological research should be used as basis. However, in applied (clinical and pharmacological) gerontology, direct relations to basic experimental gerontology are often avoided, because of its seemingly theoretical character. With some examples, it is pointed out that during the recent past, biological-aging research has gained new knowledge, particularly on skeletal muscle and CNS aging, that can be used in the concept of a specific geriatric pharmacotherapy.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212291

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The conditioned avoidance response and the cerebral levels of dopamine and noradrenaline have been studied in control rats and in rats submitted to a hypobaric hypoxia. A protection against the effects of hypoxia was induced by both dihydroergocornine (20 µg/kg) and dihydroergocryptine (100 µg/kg), and the noradrenaline level did not decrease. This stabilization of cerebral noradrenaline level seems to be the main protection factor observe

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212292

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P) was administered in form of intralumbar injection to old (24–27 months) female Wistar rats. PHA-P has an inductive effect also on the nerve cells. The thermal denaturation characteristics of the DNA in situ as well as the numerical density of perichromatin granules being connected to the extranucleolar RNA synthesis returned practically to the young levels in the large brain cortical cells and in the cerebellar granular cells 20 h after the injection. The reversal of these aging phenomena was accompanied by a significant decrease of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic K+ content measured by X-ray microanalysis in the dry mass, whereas Na+ and Cl- remained unchanged. If PHA-P causes also some (1–2%) rehydration of the old neurons, the total ionic strength in the cell due to the monovalents may even reach the young level. The possible regulatory role of the ionic strength and the Na+/K+ ratio in the chromatin function is discussed on the basis of experimental data. It is the first time that the reversibility of some cytological aging parameters has been demonstrated in vivo<

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212232

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By means of the hypovolemic oligemia model, an experimental blood flow disturbance was simulated in the cat brain. It could be shown in N2O/O2-anesthetized animals, that a 30–40% reduction in cerebral blood flow, caused by an oligemia-induced drop in blood pressure (mean arterial blood pressure: 45 mm Hg), led to an instability in cerebral electrical activity. In the course of the 2-hour period of oligemia the EEG activity decreased below the normal energy values by about 30–50%. We investigated in this model whether the vasoactive substance papaverine or the neurochemically active drug dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHET; active substance of Hydergine®) is able to influence these cerebral blood flow disturbances, which are manifested as a depression of EEG activity. Our experiments have shown that DHET exerts a protective effect on the oligemically disturbed brain metabolism (stabilization of EEG activity and shift of pO2 distribution in direction of normotonic state). This protective action may be related to its regulating effect on CNS catecholamines, since other substances with protective actions (barbiturates, dopamine, phenoxybenzamine, etc.) also influence catecholamine metabolism. Papaverine, on the other hand, shows a marked vasoactive effect without preventing the breakdown of the EEG activity. In spite of increasing local cerebral blood flow, papaverine has no positive effect on the oligemia-induced decline in cerebral pO2 values. Therefore it can be concluded from our oligemia experiments that this substance does not improve nutritional blood flow, but rather leads to a shunt perfu

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212294

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHET; active substance of Hydergine®) and dihydro- β-ergosine altered the sleep-wakefulness cycle of the rat by increasing wakefulness and decreasing slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep. In addition, power spectrum analysis indicated that, in comparison with placebo, DHET increased total power. Dihydro-Ø-ergosine increased relative power in the θ- (4–8 Hz) and in the fast β- (30–40 Hz) bands of the electrocorticogram. The alterations in the sleep-wakefulness cycle and in the distribution of power in the rat electrocorticogram are discussed as possible indices of changes in alertness and at

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212295

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The capillary network of the human cerebral cortex was morphometrically investigated in a young, aged and aged hypertonic group. In the aging cortex, augmented values of capillary diameter and volume are accompanied by smaller distances between capillaries and an extended length per unit cortex volume. An increased capillary diameter of the aged hypertonic group is probably due to a high blood pressure. The regulating influence of the surrounding astroglia and the extracellular fluid on capillaries seems to lack. In comparison to normotonic brains, higher distances between capillaries and a decreased capillary length were measured.

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212233

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The total free amino acid content per gram of liver wet weight does not differ significantly between adult and senescent female rats, being 28.8 ± 3.3 µmol in adult (13–17 months) and 26.2 ± 2.2 µmol in senescent (23–29 months) animals. This is the first study in which these two age-groups of rats have been so compared. These results combined with a survey of the literature show that amino acid levels in rat liver do not change much, if at all, throughout the lifespan of the

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212234

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dihydroergotoxine (DHET) perfused in the dog (100μg/kg) presenting a cerebral per-hypocapno-anemic syndrome reduces cerebral hyperemia, increases cerebral venous PO2, despite the rise in CMRO2 and favors glucose oxidation by the brain. DHET (20 mg/kg p.o.) is able to drop mean, diastolic and systolic arterial blood pressures in renal-hypertensive rats having a cerebral edema induced by triethyltin intoxication without affecting cerebral water and sodium levels which are increased in the controls. DHET (50 μg/kg i.v.) can also improve EEG changes produced by a traumatic edema but does not exert (200 μg/kg i.v.) any effect on EEG changes produced in the rabbit by lithium chloride intoxicati

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212296

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By studying 656 attempts at resuscitation performed on 335 patients, 239 of whom were over 60 years old, we have tried to answer some questions as to the appropriate use of technical means and medication for the purposes of resuscitation. In doing so, apart from the purely medical facts, we have explored the human and legal aspects, coming now to the fore, of the application of extraordinary therapeutic measures to old people. Above all, it is the patient’s multiple pathology rather than age that seems to be decisive for a successful long-term resuscitation. Resuscitations successful in the long run can be expected in old age only in case of acute episodes of coronary or arteriosclerotic diseases. No direct relationship between the number of resuscitations per patient, the age and the change of survival could be established with our patients. The patients over 60 years of age asked 6 months after their discharge from the hospital as to whether they wished another resuscitation took a very negative attitude to it, although they thought their current life to be definitely worth living. In future, the attending physician, while considering the resuscitation of a patient known to him, should set the basic medical situation, the probable chance of full recovery and the patient’s attitude to life and death above his own medical ambiti

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212235

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The residual effects of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHET: active substance of Hydergine®), ethanol, and DHET + ethanol were investigated in aging male mice. Prolonged alcohol or DHET consumption was found to prolong hexobarbital sleeping time and increase oxygen consumption. Administration of alcohol combined with DHET inhibited the ability of each drug to prolong hexobarbital sleeping time and increase oxygen consumption. There were no significant differences between groups in forebrain synaptosomal (Na+-K+) adenosine- triphosphatase and acetylcholinesterase activity or cerebellar protein, DNA and RNA content. The relative proportion of phospholipid to protein in isolated myelin of the medulla was significantly reduced, whereas the sphingomyelin content of total phospholipid was highest in alcohol-treated mice. Concomitant treatment of mice with alcohol combined with DHET prevented the physiological and neurochemical changes caused by alcohol and, in some cases, DHET, administered alone

ISSN:0304-324X    

DOI:10.1159/000212297

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger