ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186206

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186207

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plasma selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels and antioxidant metalloenzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were studied in 17 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) (group I), 14 uremic patients (group II) and 14 healthy subjects (group III). Plasma Se levels and erythrocyte GPX were significantly lower in the HD group (for Se: 0.69 ± 0.12 vs. 1.05 ± 0.13 μmol/l in controls; for erythrocyte GPX: 34.4 ± 6.4 vs. 49.2 ± 9 lU/g hemoglobin in controls) and a significant correlation was found between the two parameters (r = 0.66, p < 0.005). There was also a correlation between decreased plasma Zn and erythrocyte SOD activity (r = 0.58, p < 0.02) and between decreased plasma Cu and erythrocyte SOD (r = 0.60, p < 0.02). Plasma malondialdehyde levels were augmented in HD patients (5.08 ± 0.26 vs. 2.55 ± 0.15 μmol/l in controls and 2.79 ± 0.40 μmol/l in the uremic group). The catalase activity was increased in HD patients (202 ± 24 vs. 140 ± 40 IU/mg hemoglobin in group III). A defective antioxidant activity may thus contribute to increased peroxidative damage to cells in the course

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186208

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The Fc-receptor function of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) was examined in 41 children and adult patients, by measuring the clearance of IgG-sensitized, 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes. The Fc-receptor-mediated clearance observed in patients (mean ± SE) was not significantly different as compared to the control group of similar age distribution. However, the immune clearance time was significantly age-correlated in both groups (acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, APSGN, r = 0.39, p < 0.05; control r = 0.63, p < 0.01l). The magnitude of the Fc-specific immune clearance and the serum creatinine were also significantly correlated (r = 0.59; p < 0.01). Circulating immune complexes (as measured by the C1q and conglutinin ELISA) did not correlate with immune clearance, which remained stable in longitudinal studies. Age-related changes in MPS Fc-receptor function could explain, at least in part, prognostic differences between children and adult patients with APSGN

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186209

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Many hemodialysis patients are still suffering from secondary hyperparathyroidism although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been used to treat renal osteodystrophy for the last two decades. The main reason for its failure to correct the secondary hyperparathyroidism is that in patients, hypercalcemia occurs before adequate parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression is obtained when a large daily dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 is started. In this study, the oral dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 (4.0 μg) was administered only twice a week at the end of hemodialysis (‘oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy’), in 19 patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum immunoreactive PTH started to decrease after 6 weeks of therapy, and the original level of 41.2 ± 7.24 was reduced to 24.4 ± 6.12 ng/ml by the end of the 6-month therapy (p < 0.001). Serum alkaline phosphatase also was reduced by 64.4%. Three out of 19 patients suffered from hypercalcemia during the 4th month of therapy. Calcium supplement given to 6 other patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism did not lower serum PTH levels significantly after 6 weeks of therapy, although serum calcium levels increased and were sustained above 10 mg/dl for the last 5 weeks. These findings strongly suggest that the suppressive effect of the oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy was attained by a direct action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the parathyroid gland rather than by its ability to elevate serum calcium levels. In conclusion, the oral 1,25(OH)2D3 pulse therapy effectively lowered PTH levels in hemodialysis patients who cannot tolerate large daily doses of 1,25(OH)2D3

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186210

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of different intraperitoneal dwell times on the phagocytic capacity of the effluent-derived macrophages in 6 peritoneal dialysis patients was studied. The number of peritoneal cells increased after longer dwell times, and a significant increase in the percentage of macrophages phagocytosing opsonized sheep red blood cells ([IgG]SRBC) and unopsonized latex beads was determined when the dwell time increased from 1.5 to 15 h. Thus, the total phagocytic capacity of the effluent-derived macrophages dramatically increased with prolonged dwell times. In addition, the IgG concentration showed a five-fold increase following long intraperitoneal dwell times. The increasing IgG levels were accompanied by an increase, however not significant (p < 0.06), in the opsonic activity of the effluents. The increase in local phagocytic and opsonic capacity following longer intraperitoneal dwell times must be taken in consideration by dialysis fluid exchange schedules of peritoneal dialysis patients.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186211

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

By using a radioimmunoassay specific for endothelin-1 (ET-1), we studied whether ET-1-like immunoreactivity (LI) is present in human urine. Significant amounts of ET-1-LI were present in human urine, and the daily urinary excretion of ET-1-LI in 30 normal subjects was 67.6 ± 35.5 ng/day. The mean urinary excretion of ET-1-LI determined in spot urine was 82.8 ± 38.2 pg/mg creatinine (n = 30), while the mean plasma concentrations of ET-1-LI in the same individuals were 1.1 ± 0.5 pg/ml. There was no significant correlation between urinary ET-1-LI excretion and its plasma levels. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of human urine extract revealed a major ET-1-LI component coeluting with standard ET-1. The present study demonstrates the presence of ET-1-LI excreted in human urine, although its exact source and physiological significance in renal tissues remain to be determin

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186212

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) accounted for 4.6% of our end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population. Initial ESRD therapy consisted of hemodialysis in 78% and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in 22% with significant intertherapy transfers. Half of these patients underwent one or more renal transplantations. Infections, primarily related to ADPKD or ESRD therapy, were the leading cause of morbidity in these patients. 3% of total time on ESRD therapy was spent in hospital, half of it due to problems related to ADPKD and ESRD therapy. Overall mortality and morbidity (as measured by hospitalization rates) in ADPKD patients were similar to those in a non diabetic ESRD population.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186213

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We present a direct link between the neutralization of anionic sites by intraperitoneal protamine and a rise in protein passage to the peritoneal cavity during isosmotic peritoneal dialysis in rabbits. Each experiment included two 1-hour exchanges. No drugs were added in the first exchange. In group A (control) there were no drugs in the second hour either. In group B, protamine (50 μg/ml) was added to the second exchange volume. In group C, protamine and heparin (50 U/ml) were added. In groups A and C, appearance curves of metabolites during the first (baseline) and the second (experimental) hours were not statistically different. In group B, differences for urea, glucose and uric acid were not significant, but they were highly so for protein (increase of 100%, p < 0.01). Transperitoneal passage of albumin is substantially enhanced by protamine. Neutralization of protamine with heparin prevents this, showing that availability of anionic sites is the crucial limiting factor. Protamine did not significantly affect the transfer of small neutral molecules

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186214

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A total of 366 inhabitants of a village affected by Balkan nephropathy (BN) have been followed over 12 years. It was shown that depth of the well to the water level, height of the water column, electroconductivity, and NO3 content of he water were not associated with BN. The risk of developing the disease was significantly higher if a well was at a lower altitude and contained a higher concentration of SiO2. Low altitude might have been expected to correlate with the BN frequency; as for silica, however, there are sound indications that it could just be a correlate of a cause rather than a direct determinant of BN.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000186215

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1991

数据来源: Karger