ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183328

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the present study, the role of factors was investigated that could possibly lead to changes in plasma and tissue aluminum (A1) concentrations following oral Al exposure. In chronically uremic rats that received an oral A1 supplementation of 150 μmol/g diet during 4 weeks, a significant increase in mean ( ± SEM) liver Al content was observed when compared to sham-operated, pair-fed control rats (9.9 ± 2.0 versus 4.8 ± 0.65 nmol/g wet weight, p < 0.02). No such difference was found in non-A1-supplemented rats. Plasma A1 and the A1 content of other organs studied except muscle were not increased in uremic as compared to control animals. In rats with hyperparathyroidism secondary to a calcium-poor diet, mean liver and bone A1 content was significantly decreased when not A1-exposed (2.5 ± 0.13 and 62 ± 5.5 nmol/g, respectively) and normal when A1-supplemented (4.7 ± 0.59 and 120 ± 23 nmol/g, respectively) as compared to normal control rats without A1 supplementation (5.1 ± 1.5 and 170 ± 17 nmol/g, respectively). However, in the hyperparathyroid rats, mean plasma A1 concentration was higher than in control, euparathyroid rats. In rats with exogenous hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid extract) a significant increase in liver A1 content was observed when compared to control rats (8.1 ± 0.95 versus 5.3 ± 0.53 nmol/g, p < 0.05). In A1-supplemented normal rats treated with 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 during 4 weeks, liver A1 content was significantly lower than in control rats receiving vehicle solution only (2.9 ± 0.76 versus 5.7 ± 0.59 nmol/g, p < 0.02). In conclusion, chronic renal failure favored liver Al accumulation in orally A1-exposed rats. Endogenous hyperparathyroidism was associated with a decrease but exogenous hyperparathyroidism with an increase in liver and bone A1 content. 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 administration led to a decrease in hepatic Al accumulation of orally A1

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183329

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Inhibitors of sodium transport purified from serum and urine of healthy and uremic subjects show the same elution pattern on columns of a weak anion exchanger (DEAE Sephadex A-25), reverse-phase chromatography (Separon SI C 18) and gel permeation chromatography (Separon Hema 300 Glc). Moreover, their thin-layer chromatographic mobility (DC-Alufolien Cellulose) in nine solvent systems is the same. These identical physicochemical properties document satisfactorily their identity, which permits the use of the urinary inhibitor of sodium transport for structure studies.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183330

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Infection often complicates renal failure and frequently causes death, but the association between renal failure, impaired immunity and infection has not been proved. A recent study showed that patients on dialysis did not show an expected leucocytic response to infection, suggesting that the blunted response was evidence of the immunocompromised state of the uraemic patient. In this study, the relationship between leucocytic responses and infectious challenge was investigated in an animal model of chronic renal failure. Bacteraemia, peritonitis and a chronic lung infection were induced in normal and uraemic rats; the leucocytic response was then monitored. In all three infections, the total white blood cell response was significantly less in the uraemic animals. Neutrophil numbers actually increased, but this response was disguised by a pronounced depression in lymphocyte numbers. Our conclusion is that, although the leucocytic response of the uraemic host to infection may be depressed, the changes to individual leucocyte components in the peripheral blood are sufficiently characteristic to provide useful evidence of infection.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183331

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum erythropoietin levels were randomly collected and measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay in a hemodialysis population. For analysis, the patients were divided into two groups: those with polycystic kidney disease and those with other kidney diseases. In 12 polycystic kidney disease patients, serum erythropoietin was 22.6 ± 2.4 mU/ml, hematocrit 29.7 ± 1.0%, and absolute reticulocyte count 17.0 ± 4.1 × 104/μl. In 24 other kidney disease patients, serum erythropoietin was 12.4 ± 0.7 mU/ml, hematocrit 21.2 ± 0.8%, and reticulocyte count 7.5 ± 1.5 × 104/μl. Serum erythropoietin was 18.5 ± 0.7 mU/ml in normal controls. Polycystic kidney disease patients manifested higher hematocrit, reticulocyte counts, and serum erythropoietin levels when compared to other kidney disease patients (p < 0.01). The data suggest (1) an inappropriately low serum erythropoietin level for the severity of anemia in uremic hemodialysis patients and (2) that greater availability of erythropoietin results in more effective erythropoiesis, even in the uremic e

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183332

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have observed a high incidence (36.4%) of asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), detected with the use of M-mode (MME) and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), in normotensive patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis without signs of cardiac diseases. ASH was detected by conventional MME in 11 cases and was confirmed with the use of 2DE in 8 cases showing a diagnostic concordance of 72.7% between the two methods. After dialysis the MME study of the left ventricular (LV) performance showed an evident impairment of cardiac index (CI) due to reduction of LV volume in addition to an abnormality of septal function. The presence of ASH does not impair the percentage of fractional shortening (FS%), the mean circumferential shortening (mean Vcf) and the ejection fraction (EF%), probably because of a compensatory performance of the LV posterior wall. Predialysis serum creatinine and fasting triglycerides have been found significantly higher in the group with ASH. ASH may be considered as a focal and early form of myocardial involvement in uremic patients on regular hemodialytic treatment.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183333

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have experimentally induced the ‘linear pattern’ in immunofluorescence: the linear deposition of endogenous immunoglobulin (Ig) along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in rats injected with both protamine and nephrotoxic serum. This Ig was demonstrated to have no specific antibody activity against GBM or rabbit serum. Our findings could be of value in the analysis of the mechanism and pathological meaning of the ‘linear pattern’ of endogenous Ig in immunofluor

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183334

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We compared a starch-derived polymer (molecular weight = 900) as the osmotically active agent in peritoneal dialysate (3 and 6% solutions) to results obtained with commercially available glucose dialysate (1.5 and 4.25%). 12 dogs were dialyzed with glucose for 7 days, and 9 received the polymer for 5 days. For dialysate exchanges with an intraperitoneal residence of 240 min the 1.5 and 3% solutions generated similar volumes of ultrafiltrate as did the 4.25 and 6% solutions. However, for exchanges of 960 min the 1.5% dialysate was significantly reabsorbed when compared to the other dialysate concentrations. The serum polymer concentration increased with continued dialysis. The rate of transfer from dialysate to serum in man must still be determined. The lower diffusivity of the polymer will certainly be evidenced. For certain clinical applications where diminished ultrafiltration occurs, the polymer may be of benefit to man.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183335

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To verify the action of heparin on peritoneal transport, we selected 20 patients on acute peritoneal dialysis and performed two 2-hour cycles with 2,000 cm3 of a 1.5% solution, adding 2,000 units of heparin to the second cycle. The patients were also randomized into 2 groups: group A, adding 1.5 mg gentamycin/kg to the dialysate of cycle I (without heparin), and group B, adding the same dose of gentamycin to cycle II (with heparin). At the end of each of the two cycles blood and dialysate were drawn for urea, creatinine, glucose, proteins and gentamycin levels, using peritoneal clearances of urea and creatinine, glucose absorption and net protein loss to compare cycle I with cycle II. We found that the peritoneal transport of creatinine and urea was improved (p < 0.02; p < 0.05) and glucose absorption increased (p < 0.01) with heparin, without any significant change in protein loss. Contrary to common belief, heparin in a 1,000-U/1 dose improved the absorption of gentamycin from the dialysate (p < 0.01).

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183336

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Carnitine deficiency has recently been incriminated in the pathogenesis of the disturbed lipid metabolism observed in hemodialysis patients. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine administration on the lipid metabolism of rats with experimental chronic renal failure as compared to normal rats. Three groups of rats were studied: the first had induced chronic uremia, the second was sham-operated and pair-fed with the first, and the third was sham-operated and fed ad libitum. Serum triglycerides were significantly higher in uremic rats than in control animals of both groups. In addition to triglycerides, serum total cholesterol and phospholipids were also increased in uremic rats. The fractional clearance rate of Intralipid® [K2(%)] was decreased in uremic as compared to control animals. The in vivo oxidation of radiolabeled palmitate was lower in uremic than in ad libitum-fed control animals but not lower than in pair-fed control rats. The daily oral administration of L-carnitine to uremic rats was associated with stable serum triglycerides. On the contrary, serum triglycerides increased significantly in the untreated uremic rats over the same period of time. Serum total cholesterol and phospholipids remained similar in the presence and the absence of L-carnitine treatment. The intravenous fat tolerance test of carnitine-supplemented uremic rats improved slightly, although not significantly, when compared to that of untreated uremic rats. In conclusion, oral L-carnitine supplementation in chronically uremic rats had only modest or no effects on several plasma lipid parameters. Therefore, tissue carnitine deficiency, if present, would play only a minor role in the disturbed lipid metabolism of the uremic rat in the present experimental model

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000183337

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger