ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181607

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181608

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181609

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181610

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plasma kallikrein releases bradykinin when activated by gram-negative septicemia or irreversible hemorrhagic shock. Pancreatitis releases glandular kallikrein causing hypotension and increased vascular permeability. Bradykinin in the brain produces hypertension. Renal kallikrein is released by high arterial pressure, vasodilators, low doses of noradrenaline, angiotensin II, mineralocorticoids and rapid volume expansion. It has a biphasic relation to sodium excretion. In essential hypertension, kallikrein release into the blood and urine is low and facilitates hypertension. High renin in Bartter’s syndrome is balanced by high PGE and kallikrein without hypertensio

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181611

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The role of carotid, aortic and cardiopulmonary receptors and of prostaglandins in the control of renin release was reviewed. It is suggested that the receptors in the low- and high-pressure circuits of the cardiovascular system control renin release through the renal sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla. It is also suggested that prostaglandins play a role in the control of renin release under certain pathophysiological conditions.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181612

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper reviews the control of aldosterone secretion, including the role played by hepatic metabolic clearance, ACTH, and the renin-angiotensin system, and the interrelationships of aldosterone secretion with sodium and potassium metabolism. The physiological modulations of aldosterone secretion by the upright posture, progesterone, estriol and estradiol are also discussed.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181613

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) appear to reflect sympathetic nervous system (SNS) tone. Plasma NE increases substantially when the SNS is stressed by acute postural change or physical exercise. Standing up from the recumbent position elevates NE by about 90% in healthy normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Although a primary role of the SNS is the maintenance and stabilization of blood pressure, there does not seem to be a direct relationship between plasma levels of NE and blood pressure. Patients with essential hypertension cannot be differentiated from normotensive subjects of the same mean age on the basis of either basal plasma levels of NE nor increments in NE after a standard postural stress. Patients with syndromes affecting the autonomic nervous system who suffer from orthostatic hypotension may have striking abnormalities in SNS response to stress, and some subgroups may be distinguished on the basis of the plasma concentrations of NE and the changes in NE elicited by stress.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181614

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Blood pressure in normal and hypertensive subjects shows circadian variability with the minima during the hours of sleep. The factors influencing blood pressure show circadian variability, in particular, plasma and urinary aldosterone, plasma deoxycorticosterone and urinary sodium (factors implicated in cardiac output), angiotensin II as measured by plasma renin activity, plasma and urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine, and plasma and urinary prostaglandins of the E series (factors implicated in peripheral resistance). Direct causal relationships have not been established. The treatment of hypertensive subjects in relation to the circadian variability is reviewed.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181615

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This is a review of evidence for a circadian-mediated pharmacology of a single dose of hydrochlorothiazide in normal man. The normal circadian rhythms of urine volume and electrolytes are discussed in detail. Information is documented that hydrochlorothiazide diuresis, in normal subjects on a normal schedule of diurnal activity/nocturnal rest, progressively increases for 4 h after a.m. administration and for 8 h after p.m. administration. This suggests that the therapeutic efficiency of a single dose may be enhanced (nearly 50%) by the simple expedient of prescribing in the afternoon. No information is provided as to whether the circadian-mediated response appertains in disease or with continued drug administration. The word ‘circadian’ is not found in classical pharmacological texts although many examples of circadian-mediated drug action have now been described. A circadian reappraisal of drug effects in general is over

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181616

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger