摘要:

AbstractHydrazine sulfate is an anticachexia agent which interrupts host energy wasting as a result of the malignant process. An inhibitor of gluconeogenesis at the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEP CK) reaction, this agent has been shown in randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trials to improve glucose tolerance, reduce glucose turnover, increase caloric intake, and increase or stabilize weight; in single‐arm controlled trials, this agent has been shown to increase appetite, improve performance status, decrease pain, diminish anorexia, normalize laboratory indices, stabilize tumor growth, induce tumor regression, and promote survival, while inducing little to no important clinical side effects. In view of its demonstrated capacity to effect anticancer response, this drug is suggested for trial as a sole agent in early drug‐resistant cancer, in combination with cytotoxic and related therapies, and in conjunction with total parenteral nutrition. It is postulated that effective control of the mechanisms associated with cancer cachexia may contribute to control of malignant disease.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513912

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513913

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe fecal steroid profiles of healthy subjects were compared with those of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The multicomponent profiles did not differ qualitatively in that CRC patients, like control subjects, had similar fecal steroids. The major bile acids detected in fecal extracts were lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA). The major sterol of animal origin was cholesterol and its bacterial metabolite coprostanol, whereas the major plant sterols wereß‐sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and their corresponding bacterial metabolites. CRC patients excreted higher amounts of total major bile acids (LCA and DCA) than did the control group, but this difference was not significant. However, the LCA‐to‐DCA ratio was much higher in the CRC group [(1.43,p<0.01) compared with the control group (0.72)]. The control group excreted significantly higher amounts of total neutral sterols (p<0.001), sterols of animal origin (p<0.001), and plant sterols (p0.001) compared with the control group.We propose the following hypotheses. 1) The LCA‐to‐DCA ratio may be an important discriminant market for CRC susceptibility. 2) The fecal LCA‐to‐DCA ratio may depend on the differential hepatic synthesis of their respective precursors chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and cholic acid. 3) Hepatic synthesis of CDC A may be increased by more efficient conservation of dietary cholesterol because it has been shown that cholesterol of exogenous origin is the main precursor of this bile acid. 4) Cholesterol absorption may be augmented in CRC patients because of the low intake of plant sterols, which are known to suppress cholesterol absorption.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513914

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe role of nutrients and food factors in relation to esophageal cancer was observed in a large case‐control study in a region having a high incidence of the disease. Several factors that increased or decreased the risk were identified. After adjusting for other covariates, we found that animal proteins and polyunsaturated fats had a significant protective effect. Separating the effects of specific nutrients was difficult because of the intercorrelation between individual intakes of most nutrients.Foods were not so highly intercorrelated. Fresh meat, citrus fruits, and oil were found to be protective. A dietary index combining these foods was used; between the lowest and the highest levels of intake, a nine‐fold difference in risk was observed. This effect is added to that of alcohol, which remains the major risk factor.The adequacy of the concepts of nutrients and foods in epidemiological studies is discussed in addition to the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513915

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractDifferent levels ofß‐carotene (0, 5, 25, 125, and 250 mg/kg diet) were tested for their chemoprevention effects using 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene‐induced salivary gland tumor model in rats. Tumor incidence and tumor weights were slightly lower in rats fed diets supplemented with 25 mg or moreß‐carotene/kg diet. Hepatic vitamin A andß‐carotene levels were increased in a dose‐dependent fashion, reaching a plateau at 125 mgß‐carotene/kg diet. In plasma,ß‐carotene concentrations were also increased with an increase in dietaryß‐carotene. Vitamin A levels in plasma were not affected. The normal salivary glands had higher concentrations ofß‐carotene than did the tumors. The results suggest that the decreases in tumor incidence and tumor weight may be related to the increase in plasma and tissue levels ofß‐carotene as a result of feeding high levels ofß‐carotene.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513916

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractNeoplastic lesions were induced in 10 out of 58 experimental toads(Bufo regularis)force‐fed withα‐ecdysone, which naturally occurs in the leaves of bracken fern(Pteris aquilina). The results of this study prove thatα‐ecdysone may be one of the factors responsible for the carcinogenicity of bracken fern plant fed to cattle and other experimental animals.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513917

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA nested case‐control study conducted among a cohort of chemical manufacturing employees provided an opportunity to test the hypothesis that lung cancer risk is inversely related to dietary intake of vitamin A. Eligible for study were 308 former male employees who had died of lung cancer between 1940 and 1980. Two control groups, one a decedent and the other a“living”series, were individually matched to the cases one‐for‐one. Interviews were completed with 734 subjects or their next‐of‐kin and included a food frequency list. A vitamin A index was developed for each subject based on the frequency of consumption of 29 food items. After adjustment for a number of potentially confounding variables (e.g., smoking, educational level, and use of vitamin supplements), there was evidence that vitamin A intake was inversely associated with lung cancer risk. The effect was most pronounced in the comparisons with the“living”controls and appeared strongest among cigarette smokers. Subjects in the lowest tertile of vitamin A intake had approximately twice the risk of lung cancer as those in the highest. Analyses of an index of carotenoids and of individual food items suggested that plant sources of vitamin A may play a more important role in producing the effect than do animal sources.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513918

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis is a one‐to‐one, age‐and race‐matched case‐control study involving 55 histologically confirmed black prostate cancer patients and 55 controls who were seen at three major hospitals in Washington, DC from 1982 to 1984. Personal interviews were conducted to obtain the number of times food items of specified serving size were consumed per week by cases and controls; the subjects were grouped according to the age periods 30–49 and 50 years and older. We then calculated the average daily consumption of each of 18 nutrients per 1,000 calories. There wasa significant negative association between linoleic acid (p<0.04) for the 50 years and older group, thiamin (p<0.05) for those 30–49 years old, ribofiavin (p<0.03) for the 50 and older group, and iron (p<0.05) for those 30–49 years old. The results of this study suggest that the intake of thiamin and iron (in subjects 30–49 years old), linoleic acid and ribofiavin (in subjects 50 years and over) could be protective because control subjects consumed more of these nutrients than did the cases.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513919

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractDietary fat has been incriminated as a positive risk factor for the development of neoplasia in human populations. We used adipose tissue fatty acid analysis as an index of dietary fat intake to study the association between dietary fat and immune function in a group of 94 free‐living American males (avg age 47 years). Immunocompetence was tested by a battery of T‐and B‐lymphocyte stimulation tests and also by natural killer (NK) cell activity. Correlations were sought between fatty acid composition, plasma lipids, and immune responsivity. The degree of unsaturation of the diet over a polysaturated‐to‐saturated fat ratio range of 0.54–1.01 had no predictable effect on the immune function. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the concentrations of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol and its subfractions did not explain any of the variance in the immune tests. Palmitic acid (16:0) was associated with 7% of the variance of the response toC. albicansandE. coli,perhaps through influencing B‐cell activity. Stearic acid (18:0) was correlated negatively to concanavalin A responsivity (18 % of the variance) and positively to NK activity (20% of the variance).If impairedin vitroimmune function is a marker of increased risk for carcinogenesis, then our data do not support a role for dietary fat influencing in any systematic manner lymphocyte functionin vitro,as reflected by proliferative response or NK activity. Further, plasma lipoproteins, in particular cholesterol levels, did not appear to affect any immune funcion test. It remains to be studied whether dietary fat, lipoproteins, or fat‐soluble substances may influence membrane structure and function and prostaglandin formation as alternative pathways in the promotion of neoplasia.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513920

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractResults are presented from an investigation concerning the effects of vitamin A on tumor recurrence in a group of 102 patients having early‐stage bladder cancer. An odd's ratio of 1.34 was found for tumor recurrence between high and low consumers of vitamin A (p>0.05). Moreover, the rate of tumor recurrence per 1,000 person‐months at risk was found to be 1.8 times higher among low, relative to high, consumers of vitamin A (p<0.05). While these results are encouraging, larger data sets need to be assembled and analyzed before any definitive conclusions can be reached.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513921

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor