ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513732

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSome 30 randomly selected men, aged 50–59 years, were in vestigated in each of 4 areas—Copenhagen, Them (rural Denmark), Helsinki, and Parikkala (rural Finland)—to determine the relationship of diet, gut transit time, fecal bulk, fecal bacteriology, bile acid concentration, and urinary volatile phenol production to large bowel cancer risk.Average daily fat intake was found to be high in all 4 areas, and no differences emerged between areas. Saturated fatty acid consumption was higher in low‐incidence areas than in high‐incidence areas. Intakes of nonstarch polysaccharides (the main component of dietary fiber), carbohydrate, and protein (mainly milk) were higher in the low‐incidence area of Parikkala than in the high‐incidence area of Copenhagen. The fecal bile acid concentration was higher in the high‐incidence area than in the low‐incidence area, with the other 2 areas having intermediate values. Fecal bulk showed an inverse association with colorectal cancer incidence. No differences were observed with regard to fecal bacteriology or mutagenic activity of the foods.These results indicate that a population can have a low risk of colorectal cancer despite a high intake of dietary fat, protein, and meat. Dietary carbohydrate and fiber may be considered protective. One mechanism limiting colorectal cancer risk could be the increase in fecal bulk resulting from such intakes, since increased fecal bulk dilutes the increased colonic bile acid concentrations of subjects on high‐fat diets.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513733

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513734

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractAverage intakes of nonstarch polysaccharides (dietary fiber), foods, and nutrients were measured in representative samples of 30 men aged 50–59 in 4 Scandinavian populations with a 3–4 fold difference in risk for large bowel cancer. The assessment technique, a 4‐day weighed record of food consumed and duplicate collections of all food eaten, was validated by chemical analysis of the duplicates, by measuring 24‐hour urine and fecal nitrogen excretion, and by comparing the constituents of the urine samples collected during the survey with similar collections 1–2 weeks later. There were good agreements between estimates of fat and protein intake obtained by food‐table calculations of the 4‐day weighed record and the chemically analyzed duplicates. Urinary plus fecal nitrogen excretion was equal to estimated nitrogen intake during the survey, and no discernable changes in urinary output occurred after the survey, thereby implying that dietary habits had not changed as a result of the investigative technique, ft is concluded that the dietary data are indicative of current patterns of food consumption and are sufficiently valid for comparison with data on cancer risk in the 4 areas.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513735

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractFour‐day weighing and 24‐hour recall were used to record food consumption in groups of 30 men, aged 50–59 years, in 2 areas of Denmark: Them, a rural Danish community, and Copenhagen. Fat consumption was found to be higher in Them, whereas alcohol consumption was higher in Copenhagen. The absolute daily intake of dietary fiber was higher in Them than in Copenhagen. These observations document changes due to industrialization of food production, modern distribution, and marketing methods.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513736

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractBy 4‐day weighing, food consumption was recorded for a total of 59 men, aged 50–59 years, in 2 Finnish districts: Parikkala, a rural Finnish community, and the city of Helsinki. Food intake patterns differed between these populations. More cereals and thus more carbohydrates, more milk, and more meat, eggs, and sugar were consumed by the rural population, which therefore had a higher energy intake. Alcohol consumption was higher in Helsinki. Food preparation methods were found to differ between the populations, and day‐to‐day differences in food and nutrient intake were observed in both districts.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513737

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractNonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) intake was measured in representative samples of 30 men aged 50–59 in 2 urban and 2 rural Scandinavian populations that exhibited a 3–4 fold difference in incidence of large bowel cancer. Intake was measured by chemical analysis of complete duplicate portions of all food eaten over one day by each individual. NSP intakes showed a rural‐urban gradient, with 18.4±7.8 g/day in rural Finland and 18.0±6.4 g/day in rural Denmark versus 14.5±5.4 g/day in urban Finland and 13.2±4.8g/day in urban Denmark.NSP intakes were also calculated (using food tables) from weighed food records kept over 4 days, one of which was the day on which the duplicate collection was made. Intakes were 2–2.5 g/day higher with this method than with direct chemical analysis, mainly because published tables of values have become outdated and inaccurate as a result of improved methods for measuring NSP in food. Individual variation from day to day in NSP intake was considerable.Average NSP intake and intake of some of its component sugars were inversely refated to colon cancer incidence in this geographical comparison. To show a relationship at the individual level between diet and cancer risk in a prospective study would require detailed and accurate methods for the assessment of NSP consumption.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513738

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractStool weight and transit time through the gut were measured in 4 groups of 30 men, aged 50–59 years, randomly selected from populations in urban (Copenhagen) and rural (Them) Denmark and urban (Helsinki) and rural (Parikkala) Finland. These populations exhibited a 3–4 fold difference in risk for large bowel cancer. Mean transit time (37±I hours, Copenhagen; 43±1 hours, Helsinki; 40±1 hours. Them; 37±1 hours, Parikkala) was not significantly different among populations, but average 24‐hour stool weights (136±13 g, Copenhagen; 176±17 g, Helsinki; 169±16 g, Them; 196±15 g, Parikkala) were different and had a significant inverse relationship to total large bowel cancer incidence, with larger stool weights being found in the low‐risk population. A high proportion of study subjects, especially in Finland, were found to be taking medication or to have a history of gastrointestinal illness, but neither of these variables related to bowel habit.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513739

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractPopulation samples from 4 study areas showing a 3‐fold variation in large bowel cancer incidence were investigated for fecal bile acid loss and concentration, fecal neutral steroid loss and concentration, and urinary loss of volatile phenols.. Each sample consisted of 30 randomly selected men, aged 50–59 years.Daily loss of bile acids was found to be identical in the 4 areas, but due to differences in fecal bulk, the fecal bile acid concentration varied, showing a positive correlation with large bowel cancer incidence. No significant difference between the 4 populations emerged with regard to fecal neutral steroids or urinary volatile phenols.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513740

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractFecal samples were collected and biologically examined from 4 population groups, exhibiting a 3‐fold range in colon cancer incidence, in Denmark and Finland. Carrier rates and counts per gram feces of several aerobic as well as anaerobic genera, including nuclear dehydrogenase‐producing clostridia, were calculated. The results obtained with the described method did not confirm a relationship between colon cancer incidence and carrier rates of intestinal bacteria.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588209513741

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor