摘要:

AbstractSimple equations are given which can be used for calculating the approximate values of peak overpressure and positive phase impulse of blast waves generated by the detonation of military high explosive charges in the free atmosphere. To the practitioner, these equations may be useful in the quick and simple design of protective systems, or in calculating the amount of explosive required to achieve a certain desired effect. Moreover, an outline is given of the derivation of simple equations for the damaging effect of blast waves as a function of distance and charge weight. A useful formula, which had been given by Westine, encompasses the following three main causes of a damaging effect:peak overpressure, if the blast duration is long as compared to the natural vibration period of the target structure;pressure impulse, if the blast duration is short as compared to the natural vibration period of the target structure;product of peak overpressure multiplied by impulse in the intermediate range, i.e., if the duration of the pressure pulse is comparable to the natural vibration period of the target structure.

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19830080102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aquarium test is a proven means of obtaining nonidial performance property data for commercial blasting agents. Optical data on the detonation velocity, shock wave in water, and expansion rate of the pipe enclosing the detonation products (in combination with the equilibrium thermodynamic chemistry code BKW) give the C‐J state and degree of chemical reaction at the detonation front, as well as information on additional chemical reaction that occurs as the detonation products expand. Specific explosive systems that are studied are ammonium nitrate‐fuel oil mixture (ANFO), aluminized ANFO, flaked trinitrotoluene (TNT), and several other commercial products in 10‐cm‐diam and 20‐cm‐diam pipes of Plexiglas and clay. Experimental shock pressure data are obtained with lithium niobate transducers placed in the water surrounding the explosive charge. These data show that the addition of ∼ 100‐μm aluminum particles to ANFO significantly increases the initial peak shock pressure delivered to the surrounding medium. Peak shock pressures in the water, calculated from the shock‐wave orientation, are also useful in comparing performance properties of various com

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19830080103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSwaminathan and Rajagopalan (S and R) have recently published a parameter study describing the dependence of important detonation characteristics of CHNO explosives on their densities and enthalpies of formation which is seriously inconsistent with earlier highly reliable calculations by Mader using the same equation of state and presumably the same input information. S and R's computer‐based conclusions are also not in accord with parametric relationships established over a decade ago by Johansson and Persson and Kamlet and Jacobs. S and R's calculated detonation pressures are significantly lower at high loading densities and higher at lower loading densities than Mader's corresponding calculations. Also out of line on the high side (compared with Mader's calculations or experimentally observed values) are S and R's calculated detonation velocities. The differences between S and R's parametric relationships and those of the other workers can have important and misleading implications to the planning of future explosives chemistry research. It is suggested to those interested in such parametric studies that the simplified method for detonation property calculation be used, since the input information is explicit and easily checked and the results are at least as reliable as those from complex computer p

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19830080104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19830080105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA nearly zero oxygen balance of organic compounds is characteristic for explosives and high performance solid rocket propellants. Because of its high oxygen content, the introduction of a trinitromethyl group into suitable organic compounds presents an attractive and simple way to produce new explosives. The reaction of 2‐nitro‐3‐acetoxy‐1‐propene with nitroform is described which yields 1,1,1,3,5,5,5‐heptanitropentane. The properties of this compound are described to assess the usefulness of this explosive in a comparison with known explosives of similar structure using theoretical calculations for the lead block, ballistic mortar and detonation properties. Although a possibility exists to introduce another nitro group in position 3 which would produce a compound with even higher oxygen balance, all attempts so far have not achieved this des

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19830080106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThermal decomposition of picryl azide has been studied under non‐isothermal and isothermal conditions using a simultaneous TG‐DSC technique. Picryl azide melts and then decomposes to give 4,6‐dinitrobenzofurazan oxide which melts again and decomposes to gaseous products. Enthalpies (ΔH) of fusion and decomposition have been calculated. The order of reaction (n) is calculated and found to be one. Arrhenius parameters like specific rate constant (k), activation energy (Eact) and frequency factor (Z) have been calculated under both conditions using different methods. The values calculated from non‐isothermal and isothermal techniques agree fairly well with each other. The observed lower activation energy when compared with phenylazide and 2‐nitrophenyl azide is probably due to an enhanced or

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19830080107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19830080108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19830080101

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY