摘要:

Abstract:Expert system shells are discussed as very‐high‐level programming languages for knowledge engineering. Based on a category/domain distinction for expert systems the concept of expert system shells is explained using seven classifications. A proposal for a shell‐development policy is sketched. The conclusions express concern about current over‐emphasis on graphical int

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The intended purpose of this article is twofold: to study techniques for uncertainty management in expert systems, particularly the Dempster‐Shafer theory of belief; and to use this method in the construction of an expert system for the field of forecasting and marketing management. Compared with the probabilistic approach, which can only deal with singleton possibilities, the Dempster‐Shafer approach proves to be superior because it provides the ability to deal with sets of possibilities. Since market analysis and forecasting always have a strong element of uncertainty associated with them, and since, in general, we consider a combination of several different forecasting techniques for planning our marketing strategies, the Dempster‐Shafer approach is particularly suitable. Here we present a short introduction to this theory, briefly discuss the domain of application (selection of forecasting techniques for marketing planning), discuss the interesting components of our expert system, and analyze our experiences in applying the theory to this d

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:It is argued that knowledge engineering can be usefully viewed as an interactive, conversational process. We review some issues concerning the dynamic determination of meaning and reference in the context of knowledge acquisition and argue that these issues affect both the process of knowledge engineering and its product. First, we distinguish three different aspects of context relevant to knowledge engineering and emphasise their critical importance. Secondly, some particular aspects of knowledge engineering as an interactive process are discussed, including the negotiation of local conventions, referentiality, tacit knowledge and agreed meaning. Finally, we suggest supplementing traditional practice with the method of constructive interaction, in an approach which recognises the relevance of interactive issues and their implications for knowledge engineering. In this approach, represented structure does not contain meaning, but acts as the focus for meaning to be agreed through an interactive dialogue. The knowledge engineer has a unique and active contribution to make to the success of this dialogue, leading to the systematisation of a domain of expertise.

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00160.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This article describes the development of a knowledge‐based system (KBS) for guiding both technical and non‐technical managers in estimating the risks inherent in proposed KBS development projects. The work described here is part of an ongoing research project studying the use of KBS both to teach and to do KBS development. So far, as part of this research project, over the past two years close to 150 non‐technical and technical full‐time business managers have developed some 75 KBS prototypes in conjunction with an MBA course in strategic planning. Based on replies to a survey of this test group, 17% of the KBS developed were reportedly used at work, 14% led to promotions, pay raises, or new jobs, and 14% led to participation in other KBS development projects at work. All but two of the survey respondents reported that their work on the KBS development project led to a substantial increase in their job knowledge or performance. The KBS work described here extends research work described by Cullen and Bryman [1988], Slagle and Wick [1988], Cohen and Howe [1988], Dologite [1988, 1989], and Mockler [1989(A) a

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00161.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Current methodologies for choosing problems suitable for implementation as IKBS's are not appropriate for the retail industry, due to singularities of the domain. In particular, they exclude from consideration a kind of system which uses Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) data to structure unstructured managerial perceptions, but several examples of these systems have been successfully implemented. Methodologies may be more domain specific than they were thought to be, and may hold back implementations to an artificially imposed level of difficulty. Nonetheless, analysis of the level of structure found in a problem is useful, as it points out possible trouble spots, and Fuzzy/Complex analysis was felt to be the most suitable methodology for retail due to its manufacturing origins, clarity of purpose, and flexibility.

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00162.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

NEXPERT OBJECT is an expert system shell developed by Neuron Data Inc. NEXPERT costs $5,000/£4,500 for the microcomputer version, and a VAX version is available for $8,000/£7,500. Neuron Data can be contacted in the USA at 444 High St., Palo Alto, CA 94301 (+1 (415) 321‐4488) or in the UK at 34 S. Molton St., London, W1Y 1BP (+44 (0)1‐408 2333). The version reviewed in this article was release 1.02 with Microsoft Windows. It was run on an AT&T 6386 microcomputer with 3 megabytes of RAM, an 80 megabyte hard disk, and a colour mo

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

PC/BEAGLE is available from Warm Boot Ltd., 8 Grosvenor Avenue, Nottingham, NG3 5DX, England, price £69/$120/100écus. It runs on IBM PC/XT/ATs and true compatibles. It requires 256 Kb RAM and DOS 2.1 or later. A hard disk is recommended but not essentia

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Expert Systems for Engineering Design, M.D. Rychener (ed.)

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1990.tb00167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY