摘要:

The hepatic extraction of hyaluronic acid (HA) was studied in porcine fecal peritonitis in two groups of animals given various amounts of volume substitution. There was a progressive decrease in hepatic blood flow (QH) and a corresponding increase in the plasma concentration of HA in arterial blood over a 5-hour observation period, less pronounced in animals given more volume substitution. While hepatic clearance of HA decreased, the extraction ratio over the liver was not altered. The extracted amount of HA, which at steady state reflects the turnover of HA, was also unchanged. There was a significant correlation between QH and arterial HA concentration (r = 0.57; p < 0.05). The data suggest that the arterial HA concentration in sepsis reflects QΠ rather than an altered ability of the liver to eliminate HA

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129366

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the effects of external and internal biliary drainage on the development of endotoxemia in a rat model of obstructive jaundice. Male Donryu rats were allocated to four groups: sham operation, common hepatic bile duct ligation (BDL), internal or external biliary drainage after BDL, and biliary drainage after BDL with oral endotoxin administration. Portal and systemic blood endotoxin concentrations were measured and the histomorphology of the intestinal mucosa was examined. Portal endotoxemia was observed 7 days after BDL and both portal and systemic endotoxemia were observed after 14 days. Portal endotoxemia was reversed by both internal and external biliary drainage and systemic endotoxemia was prevented. The ratio of villous height to crypt depth in the mucosa of the terminal ileum was deceased in rats with external drainage. Oral administration of endotoxin induced marked disruption of the mucosal epithelium in rats with external biliary drainage, but not in rats with internal biliary drainage. Significant increases in portal and systemic blood endotoxin concentrations were observed only in the external drainage group after oral endotoxin administration. The relief of biliary obstruction effectively relieved portal endotoxemia. External biliary drainage, however, has the potentially deleterious effect of disrupting the intestinal mucosa, which may promote the development of endotoxemia. These findings have implications for the use of biliary drainage procedures to reduce postoperative complications in jaundiced patients.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129367

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The rat model has been used to present evidence of the effect of surgical damage on the immune system. Syngeneic small bowel transplantation (SBT) has been used to show an increased incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as well as thymic atrophy and altered host T cell proliferative response. Syngeneic auxiliary SBT was carried out between (LEW × BN)Fι hybrids. Varying amounts of LEW mesenteric lymphocytes were injected into the last animals to induce GVHD. Results showed that in the SBT recipients the incidence of lethal GVHD was increased when compared with untreated or sham-laparotomy controls. Marked thymic atrophy was also observed, while the number of hepatic lymphocytes increased transiently. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to concanavalin A or interleukin-2 was impaired for up to 21 days postoperatively, whereas the mixed lymphocyte reaction reactivity was not affected. These results show that the number and proliferative activity of thymic T cells were impaired after major small bowel transplantation surgery and that extrathymic lymphocytes were developed in the live

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129368

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Gastric interposition was performed and prospectively studied in 9 patients with esophageal cancer, 1 patient with esophageal neurofibroma and 5 with corrosive esophageal stricture. The postoperative follow-up periods were between 6 to 68 months with a mean of 28.6 months. The subjects were then endoscopically reviewed. Twelve of them were macroscopically normal. The others exhibited signs of inflammation and hyperemia. Mucosal biopsies were obtained at the upper and lower third of the graft. The histologic findings were compared with those of the preoperative specimens. Among the 15 postoperative specimens, only minute histologic changes were seen. Three patients whose proximal grafts showed inflammatory signs revealed congestion. Another 2 patients exhibited granulocyte infiltration in the mucosa of the distal third. The mucosal structure of the remaining 10 patients was similar to that of the preoperative graft. In conclusion, the macroscopic and microscopic changes were few and minimal although there were alterations in function, physiology and location of the stomach.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129369

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The reported increase of gastric secretion after small bowel (SB) resection is controversial. To determine the effect of SB resection on gastric acid secretion we studied basal and dose step pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion as well as basal serum gastrin, secretin, neurotensin and postprandial gastrin levels in 12 dogs, before and after resection of 60% of the intestine representing both proximal (n = 6) and distal (n = 6) SB. Rat bioassay was also performed to rule out the presence of unknown gastric secretagogues in the blood. Proximal SB resection produced a significant increase in basal and low dose (100 ng/kg/h) pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion (ED5o = 1,110 vs. 720 ng/kg/h after resection). However, no significant changes in gastric secretion were observed after distal SB resections. Neither proximal nor distal SB resection altered basal or postprandial serum gastrin levels. Proximal SB resection reduced serum secretin levels (229 ± 38 vs. 134 ± 16 pg/ml, p < 0.05) but did not alter neurotensin levels. Rat bioassay failed to reveal a circulating secretagogue after SB resections. We conclude that proximal but not distal SB resection increases basal and submaximally stimulated gastric acid secretion. Such an effect may be due to the observed decrease in circulating secretin level

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129370

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The gastric mucosal microcirculation and purine nucleotide metabolism were studied in rats after hemorrhagic shock and retransfusion. The mucosal surface density of perfused vessels (SDPV) and the mucosal levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, hypoxanthine and uric acid were measured following 15 min of hemorrhagic shock and 10 and 30 min after retransfusion, and the effects of pretreatment with allopurinol or ascorbate were studied. During shock there was a dephosphorylation of nucleotides and a decline in the SDPV. Retransfusion led to an additional reduction in the SDPV, but a complete restoration of preshock nucleotide levels 30 min after retransfusion. Allopurinol accelerated early rephosphorylation of nucleotides without effects upon SDPV while ascorbate completely preserved the mucosal level of energy-rich nucleotides 15 min after hemorrhagic shock and increased SDPV during early reperfusion. The results showed that there was a renewal of energy stores in gastric mucosa after hemorrhagic shock and retransfusion although parts of the vascular bed were not reperfused. The mucosal energy depletion after 15 min of hemorrhagic shock and part of the mucosal vessel injury after retransfusion were prevented by pretreatment with ascorbate.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129371

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using a rat liver perfusion model, the effectiveness of Carolina rinse solution was assessed for the prevention of reperfusion injury after 48 h of cold storage in UW solution. Transaminase levels (GOT, GPT and LDH) of the perfusate were significantly higher in the Ringer group (17 ± 8, 17 ± 9 and 191 ± 97 IU/l, respectively) than in the Carolina group (6 ± 4, 5 ± 4 and 21 ± 20IU/l) (p < 0.05). The levels of oxygen consumption were also higher in the Carolina group (233 ± 54 mm Hg) than in the Ringer group (164 ± 58 mm Hg) (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed severe parenchymal cell damage in the Ringer group, whereas the damage was slight in the Carolina group. Two newly developed monoclonal antibodies, REC16-11 and REC4-1, which specifically react with rat endothelial cells, were used for immunohistochemical studies of the livers. The endothelial cells of central vein and sinusoids were more severely damaged in the Ringer group than in the Carolina group. The present study suggests that Carolina rinse solution is useful for prevention of liver damage from reperfusion injury after cold storage of the graft for organ transpla

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129372

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of the gabexate mesilate (Gab) on thrombin and plasmin generation following liver resection in cirrhotic patients was studied. Six cirrhotic patients received an infusion of Gab after liver resection (Gab group), and another 6 patients did not receive such treatment (Con group). The parameters measured were thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) and D-dimer. The real increases of D-dimer and PAP were significantly higher in Con group after surgery while no significant difference was observed in the increase of TAT. These results show that Gab suppresses plasmin generation and following D-dimer production more effectively than thrombin generation after hepatic resection.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129373

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Selective rectal or sphincter neurostimulation aiming at controlled defecation was performed in 10 dogs. While the dogs were under anesthesia, the rectal and rectal neck pressures, balloon expulsion as well as external anal sphincter (EAS) response to stimulation of the second sacral ventral nerve root (S2) and its autonomic and somatic branches were determined. Each of these nerves was stimulated separately using bipolar platinum cuff electrodes. S2 stimulation resulted in rectal and rectal neck pressure elevation as well as increase of EMG activity of EAS without balloon expulsion. Autonomic branch stimulation effected rectal pressure increase and balloon expulsion, while somatic branch stimulation caused increase of rectal neck pressure and EAS EMG activity with no balloon expulsion. S2 stimulation with somatic branch transection produced rectal pressure elevation and balloon expulsion. In contrast to rectal pressure, the rectal neck pressure increased with increasing stimulus frequency. In conclusion, rectal evacuation and sphincteric control could be induced by selective sacral root electrostimulation: S2 stimulation with transection of the somatic branch for the former and pudendal branch stimulation for the latter.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129374

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger