摘要:

Activation of several cascade systems, e.g. coagulation, fibrinolysis, kallikrein-kinin, complement and eicosanoid systems, has been implicated in the etiology of septic-lung microvascular injury. A chronic lung lymph fistula preparation in sheep (n = 9) was used to study coagulation, kallikrein-kinin and eicosanoids during Escherichía coli septicemia. Lung lymph flow and lymph composition indicated an increased lung microvascular permeability approximately 2 h after infusion of bacteria. Stable prothrombin and antithrombin III levels in lymph contradicted local activation of the coagulation cascade in the lung and systemic activation was not evident until 4 h after bacteria infusion. Lymph thromboxane B2 and 6-keto PGF1α peaked early (1 h). Reduced lymph prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitors indicated local activation of this system in the lung. Systemic activation of kallikrein could not be demonstrated. Thus, (1) changes in systemic blood may not adequately reflect local events and (2) studies of proteolytic enzymes and other inflammatory mediators in lung may contribute to clarifying the etiology of microvascular injur

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128776

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 34 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, a significant but temporary deterioration in pulmonary function tests occurred 24 h after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using 5 % ethanolamine oleate. Included were vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, closing volume/vital capacity and arterial oxygen content. Twenty-four hours after the sclerotherapy, the patients complaining of postinjection retrostemal pain had a larger fall in vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s than did the patients without pain. Before the injection sclerotherapy, 11 of 34 patients had an arterial hypoxemia (Pao2 less than 80 mm Hg). In these patients, there was a significantly (p < 0.001) higher value of closing volume before sclerotherapy and there were larger changes in both closing volume (p < 0.01) and arterial oxygen content (p < 0.01) 24 h after the injection sclerotherapy than in the patients without hypoxemia. Reversion to a state before sclerotherapy was attained 7 days after the sclerotherapy. Thus, patients undergoing sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices should be closely monitored with regard to pulmonary function.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128777

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The myoelectric activity of the small bowel was evaluated in 6 rabbits following 24 h of complete small-bowel obstruction and in 6 rabbits during an intra-abdominal perfusion with a bacterial suspension containing Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli. Myoelectric recordings were performed before and during pharmacological small-bowel stimulation with ceruletide. Following small-bowel obstruction both slow-wave frequency and spike activity were reduced. Ceruletide stimulation demonstrated a significantly decreased spike activity after 24 h of obstruction. Intra-abdominal bacterial contamination did not affect spontaneous slow-wave frequency and spike activity but induced complete resistance to ceruletide stimulation. Pharmacological stimulation is recommended as an additional method to evaluate the impairment of myoelectric activity in motility disorders.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128778

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Superior mesenteric artery occlusion leads to mesenteric ischemia, activation of arachidonic acid metabolism and release of endotoxins into the systemic circulation. The effect of leukotriene and prostaglandin antagonists on hemodynamic response and survival of rats after superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion was investigated. The animals were divided into five groups: in group 1 (n = 105) the SMA was clamped for 2 h and mortality assessed after 24 h. Group 2 animals (n = 20) were pretreated with 5 mg/kg indomethacin and the SMA clamped similarly to group 1, group 3 animals (n = 15) were pretreated with 5 mg/kg Voltaren, group 4 animals (n = 20) received 20 mg/kg BW 755C before mesenteric artery occlusion, and group 5 animals (n = 50) were pretreated with 100 mg diethylcarbamazine. The blood pressure and pulse response as well as histologic appearance of the bowel 1 h after declamping was similar in all five groups. The mortality rate after 24 h was 34% in the control group, 36% with indomethacin treatment, 36% with voltaren, 47% with BW 755C and 40% with diethylcarbamazine. The mortality rate in all the treated groups was not significantly different from the control group. Plasma thromboxane B2 levels were inhibited significantly by indomethacin and Voltaren and to a lesser extent by BW 755C. There was a paradoxical rise in thromboxane B2 following diethylcarbamazine treatment. It is concluded that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase and/or the Hpoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid did not alter the hemodynamic response and mortality following 2 h of acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128779

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cimetidine may protect gastric and duodenal mucosa by increasing cell turnover [5, 17]. Mucosal cell turnover in the duodenum of 7 control rats receiving intraperitoneal injections of normal saline for 6 days was compared with 8 rats receiving cimetidine for 6 days (500 mg/kg/24 h). Cell proliferation was assessed by autoradiography after injection of tritiated thymidine. The ‘leading edge’ was defined as the highest tritium-labelled nucleus in the crypt-villus (D/V) column expressed as a percentage of the complete C/V column. Ten C/V columns were measured in each rat. The number of tritium-labelled nuclei in 10 complete C/V columns was also counted in each rat. In the controls the median leading edge was 74.8% (25% quartile 70.6%, 75% quartile 76.2%) and in the rats receiving cimetidine 73.4% (25 % quartile 72.1 %, 75 % quartile 75.9%). The median labelled cell counts were 2,052 (25 % quartile 2,008, 75% quartile 2,173) and 1,999 (25% quartile 1,822, 75% quartile 2,041), respectively. These differences were not significant (p > 0.1; Mann-Whitney U test). Duodenal mucosal proliferation was assessed in 19 rats 48 h after two subcutaneous injections of 20 mg cysteamine and in another 9 after the same dose of cysteamine plus cimetidine (500 mg/kg/24 h). The median leading edge was 90.1 % (25 % quartile 84.4%, 75 % quartile 92.8 %) in cysteamine-treated rats and 76.7% (25 % quartile 71 %, 75 % quartile 79.9%) in rats receiving cysteamine plus cimetidine. The median cell counts were 3,354 (25 % quartile 3,031,75% quartile 3,738) and 1,975 (25% quartile 1,921, 75% quartile 1,980), respectively. These differences were significant (p < 0.01). This study has not shown increased cell turnover with cimetidine. Increased tritium labelling and increased values for the leading edge were found after cysteamine and cimetidine returned these to nor

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128780

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. To test this hypothesis, we administered the highly selective and specific CCK receptor antagonist L 364,718 to rats in which acute experimental pancreatitis had been induced by the use of transduodenal pancreatic duct injection of taurocholate. It was, however, found that despite the use of L 364,718 at a high dose level (1 mg/kg body weight given three times), and also given prior to induction of pancreatitis, the mortality rate, the serum or ascites amylase activity, the pancreatic concentrations of lysosomal enzymes or the morphology of the pancreas were not affected. This suggests that the CCK receptors are not involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in this experimental model, and, consequently, that CCK receptor antagonists have no place in the therapy of this condition.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128781

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of ligation of the proper hepatic artery were studied in 40 rats. The serum transaminase and bilirubin levels were elevated significantly at 24 h following surgery but had returned to normal by the 7th postoperative day. The serum albumin level was significantly reduced at 24 h and remained low for a further 2 weeks. There was no histological abnormality in the liver following hepatic artery ligation. It would appear that there is an early return to normal function following hepatic artery ligation.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128782

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of postischemic liver injury. High-dose superoxide dismutase (SOD), a radical scavenging enzyme, has been investigated in a rat model of liver ischemia reperfusion by biochemical monitoring. Blood vessels to the median and left lobe were clamped for 1 h and then reperfusion was allowed. The indices used were serial venous blood levels of AST, ALT, calcium, and ATP determination in liver tissue. In SOD-treated animals (7,5000 U i.v.) a significant attenuation of the rise in enzyme levels was observed as well as the absence of the decrease in calcium level in the early phase after reperfusion as compared with control rats, and furthermore ATP restoration was significantly increased.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128783

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This paper attempts to demonstrate the influence of gallstones, from different locations, on ultrastructural changes in pancreatic acinar cells. Forty-two gallstone patients with no record of clinical pancreatitis are the subjects of this study. Of these patients, 14 have cholecystolithiasis, 14 have choledocholithiasis, and 14 have primary hepatolithiasis. The findings reveal the following ultrastructural alterations of the pancreatic acinar cells: dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of lipid droplets, an increase of auto-phagic vacuoles, residual bodies and myelin figures, alteration of electron density of zymogen granules, and alteration of mitochondria. All these ultrastructural changes are similar to those of clinical acute pancreatitis. With three locations of calculi, these different kinds of gallstones have a similar affect on the fine structure of pancreatic acinar cells, and these changes occur regardless of the size of the common bile duct and the biochemical data. This suggests that irrespective of the location of the gallstones, subclinical cellular injury to acinar cells is caused.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128784

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The possibility of intraperitoneal (IP) parenteral nutrition was suggested after the observation that glucose and amino acids pass from the peritoneal cavity into the systemic circulation. We used rabbits to study the characteristics of the transfer of glucose, lipids and amino acids. An IP injection of glucose 25% (1 g/kg) produced a peak level in the serum within 40 min. A 20% fat solution (1 g/kg) showed maximum serum levels of triglycerides and total lipid in 2.5 h, while a standard amino acid solution (1.5 g/kg) enriched with 25 14C-phenylalanine peaked serum levels in 16 min. The 4 rabbits survived for 28 days with IP glucose, amino acids and lipids as the only form of nutrition, apart from water. When sacrificed after 28 days histology of peritoneum, liver, spleen, gut and kidney showed no abnormality. We conclude that the basic nutritional components are adequately absorbed through the peritoneum, and that long-term nutritional support can be achieved uneventfully with IP administration of nutritional solutions.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128785

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger