摘要:

Trials are widely regarded as the best method for assessing the effectiveness of new techniques. The placebo effect of surgery is a real but little considered fact; other problems that arise in surgical trials are the skills of the participating surgeons, the random assignment of patients and the impossibility of a wholly blind approach. This paper discusses these matters.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128380

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128381

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128382

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Streptozotocin-diabetic rats with chronic pancreatic fistula show severe impairment of secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion while the action of pancreozymin remains unchanged. Intrahepatic transplantation of islets of Langerhans restores the response of ductal cells to secretin; physiological control of insulin secretion appears to be essential for exocrine function.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128383

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a short-term (14 days) and a long-term (84 days) experiment after pancreatic duct occlusion in the rat, we measured the insulin, glucagon and somatostatin content of the pancreas; in the short-term experiment, in addition, we performed an oral glucose tolerance test on the 14th day. Exocrine pancreatic function in the short-term study was monitored on the 9th day – in the long-term study on the 21 st day. In the long-term study, the pancreatic organ was also examined histologically. Occlusion of the pancreatic duct considerably reduces exocrine function. This accords with the histologically observed atrophy of the exocrine parenchyma, above all in the body and tail (after 84 days). 14 days after occlusion, basal plasma glucose and insulin was about the same as in the sham-operated rats. Incremental insulin after the glucose load in occluded rats was delayed for about 30 min, but the pattern of plasma glucose was only insignificantly altered as compared with the sham-operated controls. The insulin content of the pancreas on days 14 and 84 after occlusion was increased, glucagon and somatostatin unchanged. We conclude, that (a) intraductal occlusion of the pancreas is a suitable tool for inducing an atrophy of the exocrine pancreas; (b) in the short-term, after the duct occlusion, oral glucose tolerance is preserved, but the passage of insulin into the blood is delayed and is associated with a high level of insulin in the pancreas; the cause or causes of this coincidence is/are unknow

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128384

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000315715

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The acid secretion from the main stomachs and from denervated Heidenhain pouches in response to peptone meals infused in the stomach was determined in 4 dogs. When expressed as percent of the maximal acid response to histamine, the acid secretion from the innervated and from the denervated fundic mucosa was similar, but the response from the Heidenhain pouch was larger when expressed as percent of the maximal response to pentagastrin. These studies indicate that, under the conditions used, short (gastrogastric) and long (vagovagal) reflexes during the gastric phase, are of minor importance in inducing the acid response to the meal.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128385

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 90% jejunoileal bypass induces in the rat a protein malnutrition state which is characterized (1) by the decreased level of plasma proteins and albumins and (2) by the reduced level of most essential and non-essential plasma amino acids. In the exocrine pancreas there was a decreased content of digestive enzymes, especially of amylase, while the secretion of enzymes studied in vitro was reduced. In the ileum left in one piece, the specific activities of maltase and sucrase increased significantly while aminopeptidase was unaffected. It is suggested that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency observed after small bowel bypass in the rat might contribute to protein malnutrition (1) by producing maldigestion and (2) by inducing an imbalance in intestinal enzymes favouring a preferential absorption of carbohydrates compared to proteins, thus emphasizing the protein malnutrition state.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128386

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Modification of the immune response towards the generation of suppressor T cells can be attained using experimental designs promoting immunological feedback mechanisms. Those studies have been carried out in defined inbred animal systems. With respect to the great importance for organ transplantation, an in vivo model using larger outbred animals was developed in order to study such feedback reactions. The following experimental design was used: (1) allogeneic spleen transplantation in the dog; (2) autologous retransplantation of this spleen together with an allogeneic kidney transplantation to the former donor of the spleen after a period of 2–4 days. Although full immunological activity of the transplanted as well as the retransplanted spleen was demonstrated, rejection of the kidney occurred in a fashion identical to that observed in control animal

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128387

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000315716

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger