摘要:

AbstractFor researchers studying mysticere whales few methods for determining gender or for collecting biochemical and genetic information from unrestrained animals are available. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable method for collecting viable tissue samples for establishing continuous cell cultures from skin biopsies of free‐ranging whales. A method to collect and process these samples is presented. Six of seven skin biopsies from gray whales were established in cell culture. Our results suggest that the viability of the samples is improved by (1) sterile processing in the field, (2) minimizing the time between collection and delivery to the cell culture facility, (3) reducing the concentration of antifungal agent, and (4) placing tissue explants under a coverslip. While the results reported in this paper are based on a small sample size, we believe that if the procedures are followed, they will increase the probability of successfully culturing cetacean tissue. Established cell lines can supply replenishable material from identified whales still living in the wild. These cultures can then be used for determination of sex from karyotypes, and for assessing genetic relationships of cetaceans from inherited protein, chromosomal and DNA polymorphisms. These much needed analytical tools can be used to determine familial and populational relationships, leading to a better understanding of mating systems, stock identification and effective population sizes of wild cetacean

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost of the exploited fish stocks in the North Sea are also used as a food supply by a number of seal species; the same is true for some fish and invertebrate stocks in the Antarctic—although the fisheries there are, at present, much smaller than those in the North Sea. The information needed for a critical assessment of such interactions is reviewed. Using existing techniques it is possible to estimate the quantity and size‐classes of each fish or invertebrate species consumed by seals and to compare this with the commercial catch. If fishing mortality is known, these estimates can be used to calculate the level of mortality imposed by the seals. However, a realistic evaluation requires information on the distribution and movements of the fish, the seals' feeding effort, and the fisheries effort in time and space. At present it is difficult or impossible to obtain this information, but recent technological developments in telemetry equipment will soon make it feasible. To assess the economic effects of changes in seal numbers on the fishery, or the ecological effects of changes in fisheries effort on seal populations, requires additional information on the responses of the fishery and the seals to changes in fish abundance, and of the commercial market to changes in the supply of f

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome aspects of captive marine mammal research have become matters of controversy, largely due to a misunderstanding of the value of such studies and of their importance to effective management and conservation of these species. Understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the special adaptations for aquatic life that marine mammals demonstrate provides essential information relating to their health and survival. The need for such information is increasing as disturbance of the world's marine environments steadily escalates. While studies of these animals in their natural habitats contribute much to our comprehension of their biology, a more complete understanding of the physiological basis of their behavior depends upon experimental laboratory investigations. Some of the new knowledge thus gained has potentially important implications for human medicine.

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe onshore and at‐sea cycles of females, suckling behavior of pups and their milk intake were studied in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) during 1983 at Año Nuevo Island, California. Females averaged approximately 21 h ashore and 36 h at sea. The trips to sea lengthened as pups aged, resulting in an overall decline in female time ashore to 30% by the sixth week following parturition. Activity budgets of pups showed no significant differences among suckling time, age and sex. Milk intake, estimated using labeled water studies, revealed that heavier pups consumed more milk than lighter ones (milk ingestion in ml/d = 4.26 + 0.0687 [Pup Mass in kg]). Mean milk intake was 1.78 ± 0.33 liters/d. Mean pup growth rate was 0.38 ± 0.1 kg/d. The results suggest that female attendance patterns are shaped by the increasing nutritional demands of growing pups and their increasing efficiency at suck

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0824-0469    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY