摘要:

SUMMARYThe stealthy locomotion of the lorises is seen to be directly related to catching prey such as insects and roosting birds. The method of stalking prey contrasts strongly with the quick leaping method of food‐catching presented by the galagos. The lorises, by virtue of their food‐catching habits, are restricted to true forest, whereas some of the galagos, by the same token, have colonized more open country. This throws some light on the nature of the post‐Miocene link between Africa and Asia and is suggested as a reason why the galagos are restricted to Africa whereas the lorises are found in both Africa and

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWeights of 173 non‐pregnant female elephants whose ages were estimated from the degree of molar tooth wear (Laws, 1966) were used to construct a growth curve. This differed from the growth curves described by Laws (1966) and Laws and Parker (1968), and reasons are suggested for this discrepanc

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. An attempt has been made to census elephant by a method which will enable the reliability of the results to be assessed.2. The method used was a system of stratified random samples.3. Stratification was based on the positions of elephant clumps recorded on a reconnaissance flight.4. Strip samples were selected at random for the various strata and elephant and other large mammals were counted in a strip of 440 m width from an aircraft travelling 100 m above the ground at 130 km/h.5. The problems of maintaining a fixed height above the ground and counting animals in a strip of constant width are acknowledged.6. One stratum was totally counted for purposes of comparison.7. Elephant, eland, kongoni, Grant's gazelle, buffalo, oryx, zebra, impala, ostrich and giraffe have been counted.8. The results are set out in a series of tables and estimates and confidence intervals have been computed.9. A discussion is held on the influences of various factors on the width of sample strips observed from the aircraft.10. The total count and sample count of stratum 1 are observed to be in fairly close agreement.11. The re‐stratification of stratum 1 to take advantage of the observed clumps of elephant reduced the standard error of the estimate proportionally. The estimate was increased because the samples were no longer valid for the new strata.12. The elephant population is of the order of 9,000 animals, as was predicted from observation flights, and the confidence interval of ±1,974 is acceptable for a first attempt at a sample count for elephant. The Mkomazi elephant were observed in three distinguishable groups, this being a distribution pattern frequently recorded since 1965.13. Estimates and confidence intervals for other mammals do not refer to the whole region. It is observed that standard errors as a proportion of estimates are proportional to the degree of clumping shown by the species.14. The census took 45 h, and cost K£800. It was accomplished in 7 d by a single pilot and observer. The Mkomaz

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe importance of a survey of parasites in various game areas in East Africa is outlined both from the point of view of understanding the ecosystem and of exploiting its productivity. The commonly‐encountered parasites are described and their normal locations in the host are given. Standard ways of classifying and assessing the degree of infestation by these major parasites are suggested, and the most appropriate manner of preserving specimens for subsequent examination is noted. A check‐sheet for the recording of parasites in a post‐mortem examination of game animals is included. Such a check‐sheet, completed as suggested, together with adequate well‐labelled collections, should be of great value in building up a general picture of the incidence and degree of parasitic infestation of various host animals in East African g

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA controlled burning scheme, in conjunction with experimental plots, was necessary in order to investigate the effects of fire on tree regeneration in an area which otherwise suffers frequent uncontrolled fires and where an important tree species,Acacia gerrardiiBenth.var.gerrardii, was failing to regenerate.The second year's results are described. The scheme was not successful in excluding uncontrolled fires. However, further experience, indicating yet more problems, was gained.

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. A general description is given of Loliondo Controlled Area which sets out the reasons for this census and the conditions that determined the manner in which it was conducted. The major features of the vegetation and fauna are outlined.2. The census was primarily a stratified sample count, and the types of stratification and sampling are described.3. Some areas were total‐counted using a series of adjacent counting blocks.4. In a few instances large groups of animals were estimated rather than counted, but aerial photographs were taken to allow an estimate of bias to be made.5. A number of practical considerations did not allow the census to follow the original plan in every detail.6. The results are set out in Tables 3 and 4, and Figure 4. They show considerable, and rather variable, bias in estimations of numbers in large groups of animals. The estimates of numbers from sample counts for most species show wide confidence limits, but agree satisfactorily in such cases where a comparison can be made with the estimates from total counts. It is thought that a more efficient stratification, and a larger number of samples, will reduce the standard error of such estimates, to give more acceptable fiducial limits.7. The census of 6,734 km2occupied a pilot and observer for 10 d during which 41 h were flown in a Cessna 185 aircraft. The total cost was E. A. Sh.13,400.8. The method is discussed, and proposals put forward for increasing the accuracy of sample counts.9. The implications of the census results in the construction of sustained yield equations are considered.10. Some ecological points emerging from the

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo drug combinations were tested during 18 field captures of 14 individual impala in northern Kenya in 1966–67. Nine additional impala, eight females and one male, were darted but not captured. Dosages of 0.45 mg M.99+10.0 mg acepromazine+4.5 mg hyoscine were adequate for males, but did not completely immobilize them. Females proved more difficult to capture, and all attempts using the acepromazine mixture were unsuccessful. The substitution of phencyclidine for acepromazine, and the deletion of hyoscine, proved a more suitable mixture. A dosage of 0.32 mg M.99+90 mg phencyclidine per animal completely immobilized both sexes. The phencyclidine‐M.99 mixture was judged an improvement over other common field immobilizing drugs, but the long recovery time limits the usefulness of this drug combination for large‐scale capturing opera

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYRecords of black rhinoceroses obtained from different areas of Kenya suggest a very close relationship between body weight and length and chest girth. The best regressions are: log weight on log length+log girth, and weight on length x girth2. The square of the correlation coefficient in both cases is more than 0.98, and the relations appear to be independent of habitat and sex. In contrast the two sexes show marked differences in the relation between front and back horn length with the males tending to grow relatively longer front horns. Attempts to predict the size of the animal and the length of its horns from the spoor were less successful.

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYInformation on the black rhinoceros population of Nairobi National Park has been obtained from two‐month surveys in 1967 and 1968 backed by data collected at random over the past few years. It proved impossible to identify some of the rhinoceroses whose presence was indicated by spoor and unidentified sightings, and an estimate of the total number present at the end of 1968 must vary between 27 and 33 animals. Twenty‐two rhinoceroses have been brought into the Park by the Game Department Capture Unit since November 1966. The fate of these animals has been: two dead, two not seen and 18 identified in the Park 3–33 months after release. The newcomers have produced only one serious conflict with a resident rhinoceros and two collisions with motor vehicles. Despite the small size of the Park, the inadequacy of its boundaries and the legendary intolerance of the species, it would appear that the translocation operations have been a su

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn order to gain information on the growth and nutrition of two populations of elephants in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda, their urinary excretions of hydroxyproline peptides (HP) were compared.Animals from the “south bank” population had a consistently higher level of excretion than corresponding animals from the “north bank” population. This indicated a faster rate of growth and a superior nutritional status in “south bank” animals at the time of sampling.The HP output from both populations was found to run parallel to the seasonal variation in rainfall and vegetation growth. Sampling from each population was carried out at a different time of the year and evidence is presented to show that the differences in the rate of growth are a direct result of this. It is concluded that any primary differences between the populations are small enough to be obliterated by seasonal changes.The effect of the seasons on the growth of the elephant is therefore examined in more detail, and a direct influence on collagen metabolism i

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1969.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY