摘要:

Summary1. The paper is based on field observations and studies of a captive colony.2. A classified list of food plants is discussed under the headings of lowland habitat, drought conditions and alpine habitat. Rock hyraces are shown to have a very wide food selectivity. Water requirements and some unusual foods are mentioned briefly.3. Feeding behaviour is shown to be of two types described as “group” and “casual” feeding. The pattern of group feeding is described and its diurnal occurrence discussed. Casual feeding is briefly considered.4. Evolutionary changes in hyrax feeding habits have been in the direction of decreasing selectivity of food material. The relationship of hyraces to the ungulate stock is supported by a number of similarities between the feeding behaviour of modern hyraces and un

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMaterial from kudu shot on tsetse control was studied for information on breeding and feeding habits. A number of animals was measured and weighed, illustrating that males were bigger than females.Field observations and stomach contents showed that the species is mainly a browser eating a wide variety of plants.A marked peak of calving was observed and this coincided with the tall grass season (January‐April), when the newly‐born young are apparently hidden. Kudu in the area studied may be solitary but are generally associated in small groups of about four, although as many as eleven have been seen together in the study a

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe object of this paper is to elucidate the principles involved in the utilization of natural grasslands by an indigenous community of animals. The studies were carried out in the Rukwa valley during a period of fourteen years and it is suggested that the results are applicable to other similar ecological areas.The various types of grassland and pasture which occur are described, and their ecology and seasonal development are discussed in relation to the climate and drainage in the valley. The incidence of fire is recorded and its influence is compared with the effects of grazing.The utilization of the pastures by herbivorous animals is described, and it is explained how grazing pressure results in pasture rejuvenation which is manifest by the development of a grazing mosaic. It is shown that a sequence of animals, heavier ones followed by lighter ones, use the different pastures in rotation during the year and as a consequence alternate periods of optimum use and rest occur, and the harmful effects of over‐grazing do not appear.The species of animals which form the Rukwa valley grazing community are listed and the ecological stresses which they experience in a changeable environment are noted. Examples are quoted to support the view that dry periods favour the fauna whereas extremely wet ones are unfavourable. It is shown how the ability of the animals to establish biotic pressure on the pastures enables them to become rehabilitated even though conditions remain unfavourable.It is opined that if the same principles are made use of in game management schemes elsewhere, successful conservation of both grasslands and animals is likely to be achieve

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1.Dendrofoyrax bruceiandProcavia johnstonipopulations have been studied in kopjes surrounding the senior author's house.2. The two species have been described and a short historical review of the Hyracoidea is given. Some notes are made concerning “Hyraceum”.3. The kopjes under study are described, being typical of granite outcrops in the Serengeti region.4. The adaptations of both species of hyrax for the kopje habitat are described. Observations are made on the diurnal activity patterns in relation to climatic conditions.5. A list of all plants available to the animals is presented, and those eaten by either species are indicated. Comment is made on the lack of overlap in the diets of the two species, and this is suggested as being partly due to lack of pressure on food resources.6. A discussion on the possible evolution of the kopje‐dwelling habit is held, which concludes that reconvergence may have taken place as a result of forest giving way to woodland and p

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe survey involved visits throughout East Africa to contact those concerned with wildlife research, as well as a review of the available literature. This paper presents the results of the survey.Wildlife research in East Africa is not a unified field and pertinent data come from a variety of disciplines. Broadly speaking there are four major types of research involving wildlife that have been or are being carried out in East Africa:1. Observations on natural history;2. Taxonomic and distributional studies;3. Research in other fields which happens to involve wildlife;4. Systematic research focused on wildlife itself.To facilitate the use of this report the information on research projects and research workers has been presented under a series of subject headings, as follows: background and early references (p. 62), techniques (p. 63), taxonomy and nomenclature (p. 66), distribution and habitat preferences (p. 67), studies on individual species of large herbivores (p. 67), studies of predators (p. 69), ecological studies, including those of groups of associated animals (p. 69), population dynamics (p. 70), carrying capacity and biomass (p. 71), movements (p. 71), nutrition (p. 72), anatomy and physiology (p. 73), diseases and parasites (p. 73), small mammals (p. 75), birds (p. 75), reptiles (p. 75), primates (p. 76), vermin (p. 76), co‐ordination and publication of research (p. 76). Some studies of course appear under more than one heading. Within each heading the research is presented in chronological order. References, where available, are cited and the location of reports, files and sources of further information on each subject is note

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1. The method of counting the large mammals in Lake Manyara National Park is described.2. The results of the count are listed, and the biomass estimated.3. It is suggested that the present population exceeds the carryingcapacity because elephant and buffalo are being made to enter and stay in the Park by increasing cultivation round the boundaries.4. The rise in lake level has aggravated the position by cutting off another route of entry an d exit.5. The extinction of the plains game population is likewise attributed to the new lake level and increased cultivation.

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1965.tb00742.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY