摘要:

AbstractThe Russian grain marketing system is going through a remarkably traumatic evolutionary change, the dimensions of which are potentially unprecedented in the world grain industry. A highly centralized command system, absent of any concept of a market, has been the mechanism for allocating resources within the grain system. Functions were performed exclusively through state‐owned facilities. Product distribution was also on a command basis.Concurrent with many other developments over the past 3 years have been numerous institutional changes in the grain system. Of particular importance is the simultaneous development of „exchanges”︁ and numerous joint stock companies within the grain system. Most notable, however, is that market functions that the Ministry of Procurement traditionally provided were replaced in October 1992 by essentially another monopoly, with powers as extensive as the previous regime.Exchanges flourished in Russia during the early 1990s. Some estimates of the number of exchanges are up to 700. However, far fewer active exchanges are trading grain. The number of exchanges is sizeable, resulting in intense interexchange competition. Trade is primarily in nearby positions of grain. Many other agricultural products and inputs are traded, but futures (as known in the West) are not traded yet.Two agencies of particular importance in the Russian grain system are Roskhleboprodukt and ExportKhleb. The former is a joint stock company responsible for providing grain products to retail outlets. Producers continue to have obligatory deliveries to the Federal (and potentially Regional) Reserves, and prices are controlled at the retail level. Most important is that this firm owned and managed all of the handling system facilities throughout Russia. However, those in other CIS countries are autonomous. Consequently, at least within Russia, a near monopoly in grain handling has replaced findamentally ministerial functions and procurement. ExportKhleb has also been transformed into a joint stock company. Besides being the agent for Roskhleboprodukt on credit imports, ExportKhleb has pursued other trading opportunities, primarily in the former CIS countries, acting fundamentally as a trading company.Despite the rapid changes, numerous obstacles must be overcome as this industry makes the transition toward a market system as known in the West. This article describes changes occurring in the Russian grain market system. Specijic sections describe and analyze: economic conditions confronting the industry; traditional grain marketing organization; the current and evolving marketing system, including detailed discussions of the principal agencies, ExportKhleb, and Roskhleboprodukt; grain exchanges in Russia, their current function, and obstacles inhibiting their evolution; and a discussion of the future of this market and likely progression toward a more competitive system, which would be integrated with the rest of the world. © 1995 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<1::AID-AGR2720110102>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrice transmission asymmetry for peanuts used in peanut butter was examined using monthly data from 1984 to 1992. Results show an incomplete price passthrough from the wholesale to the retail level. Furthermore, the results indicate that the initial price response of peanut butter price to a reduction in peanut prices occurs later than the response to an increase in peanut prices. The price transmission is asymmetric in the short‐run but symmetric in the long‐run. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<13::AID-AGR2720110103>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite large increases in the number of new consumer product introductions, little attention has been paid to the integral role of the buyer intermediary. Although previous research by the authors has confirmed various hypotheses on the influence of relevant variables on channel intermediaries' decisions to accept a new product, it could not capture the range of options of a new product's decision environment. This article augments past research by analyzing buyers' accept/reject recommendations for a large number of hypothetical new products. Logistic regression analyses of these data confirmed certain past results: product decisions are found to vary as a function of buyer/product category, gross margin, and product uniqueness. New findings, however, suggest that overall vendor marketing strategy encompasses the most important set of individual attributes influencing buyers' decisions. Manufacturers would increase the probability of having new products accepted by selecting the optimal levels of the various marketing strategy variables. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<21::AID-AGR2720110104>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnderstanding the implicit valuations of beef characteristics in the Japanese market has important policy implications for the U.S. beef industry. Hedonic price analysis was used to estimate beef characteristics values in Japan. Japanese Wagyu beef auction data were used in the analysis. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<35::AID-AGR2720110105>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNew industrial crops are promoted as enterprises that will raise farm sector income, provide economic development activities for rural areas, and provide products that will substitute for imports from other nations. A conceptual model, based on the principles of strategic management, is developed for analyzing the economics of commercializing industrial crops. The model is applied to the oil derived fromLesquerella, a possible substitute for castor oil which is used in lubricants, cosmetics, and waxes. Botanical and chemical entrepreneurship are emphasized as key factors in the successful commercialization of new industrial crops. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<45::AID-AGR2720110106>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWholesale prices of iceberg lettuce move in accord with free‐on‐board shipping point (FOB) price changes, uniformly adjusting in 1 week to rising and falling FOB prices. Retail prices, by contrast, adjust more slowly to FOB and wholesale price changes, and they respond slightly more to wholesale price increases than to decreases. Moreover, FOB and wholesale price changes often partially „pass through”︁ retail prices, suggesting retailers stabilize their short‐run prices by absorbing FOB and wholesale price rises and not passing along these price declines. Packer—shipper efforts to stabilize weekly FOB prices for 1 month reduces estimated averages of the retail price and retail—FOB price spread in 11 of 12 cities. © 1995 by John

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<57::AID-AGR2720110107>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article investigates locational determinants of US direct foreign investment (DFI) in food and kindred products by using data from six industrialized countries from 1983 to 1989. Separate equations were fitted to explain DFI position, outflow, and reinvestment. Cultural linkages, trading blocs, host market size, tax considerations, exchange differentials, and host market growth rates are found to be significant determinants of DFI in food manufacturing. Wage rate differentials were found to be important in the position and reinvested equations, but not in the outflow equation. Thus, cheap labor may not be as important in attracting DFI as in the past. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<77::AID-AGR2720110108>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProtocol analysis of meat buyer's product selections found that in more than 80% of the buyers' decisions, a high‐involvement decision process was used. Most of the buyers use a compensatory process in which product attributes are allowed to compensate one for the other. Some buyers used a phased process in which the second phase was a high‐involvement compensatory process. Protocol analysis is a useful way of evaluating a product's potential in a market and can give strategic and tactical guidance to a company considering a new product introduction. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<87::AID-AGR2720110109>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0742-4477    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6297(199501/02)11:1<::AID-AGR2720110101>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY