摘要:

Formulas for estimating the specific chemical en-thalpy, β°and the specific chemical exergy, ϵ°, of a structurally complicated material have been developed by adopting the concepts of the dead (or reference) state and the additivity of the properties of constituents in the material. These formulas contain terms for the specific chemical enthalpies and exergies of nine elements, namely, C, H, O, N, S, F, CI, Br, and I. The formulas can estimate with sufficient accuracy the specific chemical enthalpies and exergies of solid fuel, liquid fuel, biomass, and waste material, and are useful for analyses and syntheses of energy resources conversion processes based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318208946020

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Evidence from spectrometric and degradative analyses suggests that oil-generating portions of kerogens and petroleum asphaltenes may have very similar structures, consisting dominantly of fused-ring cycloalkanes. A model for these macro-molecular structures is proposed, and a mechanism is suggested by which both cyclic and straight-chain hydrocarbons may be produced by diermal breakdown of saturated fused-cyclic systems. This model and the proposed mechanism have important implications for petroleum generation and expulsion. Asphaltenes may be fragments of the original kerogen from which crude oil is derived and may be expelled as part of the crude oil. If so, asphaltenes set a lower limit for the size of openings in source rocks through which oil must be expelled. This interpretation also indicates that asphaltenes may be very useful for regenerating normal“oil“ from a bacterially degraded oil for purposes of correlation.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318208946021

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The AMCLA (Aromatic Mixture and Coal Liquid Analysis) computer program has been written for characterizing coal liquids. It may also be used in analyzing aromatic materials. This program is capable of generating all the structures of logically possible components of a mixture from input data obtained directly from elemental analysis, high resolution, non-fragmenting mass spectrometer, and1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The results are printed out, in order of priority, in a form that is very similar to the conventional structural formula. The program has been successfully tested with different sample data, including data from both pure compounds and mixtures, to prove its abilities. Analysis of ether-eluted fraction of synthoil asphaltene has been done by the AMCLA program. The results compare well with those obtained in previous work.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318208946022

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One possible near-term application for solar thermal technologies is the production of steam which could be pumped underground te increase the amount of petroleum which could be recovered from an oil field. This article compares two types of solar thermal technologies—solar troughs and central receivers—with conventional means of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to determine, first, if solar technologies offer a viable EOR option and, second, how they compare with other steam-drive EOR alternatives. It analyzes these options from the technical, economic, institutional, and environmental perspectives. The paper concludes that solar EOR is, at present, not an economically attractive alternative, largely due to existing technical uncertaintities; possible environmental benefits do not appear to be a driving consideration; finally, tax incentives rather than government demonstration programs would seem to be the most effective means of encouraging solar EOR technology.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318208946023

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is the first in a series of articles on carbonate reservoir rocks that will be published in the Energy Sources journal. The reader is introduced to carbonate reservoir rocks. In addition, classifications of reefs and bioherms are presented.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318208946024

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318208946025

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318208946026

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318208946027

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor