ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Oesophageal‐fistulated calves and cattle were used in various experiments during 1963 to 1966; results for 1966 are reported.The method of inserting the fistula, the routine care of the animals and the methods of sampling through the fistula, are described.Individual stall‐feeding experiments in 1966 gave recovery values of 99.7% for herbage extruded through the fistulae, in relation to herbage eaten. Thein vitroorganic‐matter digestibility of the grass offered and of the extrusa samples were identical. The digestibility of the grass fed in these experiments was high, but was comparable with that of herbage used in the grazing experiments reported. Grazing studies on grass/white clover pastures are reported. The digestibility was determined on all samples and they were separated into various plant fractions. Results obtained were compared with herbage samples cut at the same time. In most cases the digestibility and % N of the extrusa sample was higher than that of the corresponding herbage sample. The quantity of dead material present increased, and more was eaten, as the season advanced; it was of low digestibility. Results of intake studies with grazing animals are presented and the use of oesophagea‐istulated cattle as an aid in such studies is di

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On the basis of the most commonly used criteria for determining ripeness in grass seeds (involving a continuous examination of certain physical properties) the rip‐o‐cut stage was reached in S352 timothy 31–35 days after peak anthesis. The attainment of a moisture level just below 40% wet basis (excluding precipitation), which corresponded with the same stage of seed maturation, appears to be a further practical ripeness indicator in this variety.In view of initial dormancy and the susceptibility of the seeds to mechanical injury, the indirect‐ rather than the direct‐combining method of harvest is re

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A conservation experiment is described in which the losses entailed in ensiling heavily‐wilted herbage of 37–43% dry‐matter content either by complete sealing in polythene alone, or by complete sealing followed by evacuation of air, were investigated.The metabolizable energy values of the grass and silages were determined, and the silage volatile‐acids fraction investigated by gas chromatography. The results indicate that there are no significant fermentation differences between the two types of silage. The mean dry‐matter loss for the sealed, unevacuated silos was 6.5% and for the evacuated silos 7.8%. These losses, and the individual crude‐ and digestible‐nutrient losses, are discussed in relation to other p

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Direct‐cut grass which has been heavily fertilized often produces silage with a poor fermentation. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of rate and timing of N applications to herbage intended for direct‐cut silage. A small but consistent increase in silage pH was recorded after high levels of N were applied 7–8 weeks before cutting. The application of additional N fertilizer 10–14 days before cutting the sward had an adverse effect on silage fermentation. Changes in herbage composition following different levels of applied N are o

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four experiments compared seven additives for ensiling high‐moisture, leafy grass/clover awards in small tower‐silos. The additives were ammonium bisulphate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, silotracin, molasses, molassine meal, kylage and protosil 3. In all experiments, silages made with additives were compared with control silages. Apart from molasses, additives had little effect on silage quality: DM and N losses were only slightly reduced by additives. In terms of weight of DM recovered for animal feeding, the additives ranked as follows: molasses and molassine meal>silotracin>ammonium bisulphate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, and controls; molasses kylage, protosil 3 and contr

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment involving 24 grassland sites was carried out to measure the influence of a large number of variables on upland yields between 900 and 1450 ft above sea level in western Aberdeenshire. The grass was harvested in mid‐July and at the end of October 1966. Few factors were significant in the first harvest yields. In the second harvest yields, aspect and soil parent material were both significant at the1%level, and available soil phosphate at the 5% level. Total yields (DM) for the growing season were correlated with parent material (2% level), with available soil P (1% level) and with the P and K content of the leaf (1% and 5% levels). Yields were also correlated with sward age (5% level) and sward condition (1% level). A number of variables were highly correlated with sward age and condition, including the leaf content (second harvest) of K, P and crude protein (0.1%, 1% and 1% levels).The highest yield was 4700 kg/ha/year and the average yield 2585 kg/ha/year, but the results showed that the average could be substantially increased by good management, especially by P fertilizer. The results confirmed that there was no marked fall‐off in yields with increasing altitude (r=0.066, 0.194 and 0.112) and there appeared scope for reclamation on suitable sites at higher elevati

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The first recorded sowing of American timothy seed in England was in 1743, but the event was otherwise without significance since nothing further was heard of this sowing. The stimulation of interest in timothy began with the sowing by Bartholomew Rocque in the late summer of 1763 of the seed received by the London Society of Arts from America. There was during the first years some confusion regarding its vegetative characters, and also in recognizing the difference between the flowering heads of timothy and those of meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis). A hindrance to progress in the use of timothy arose, without doubt, from lack of experience, and lack of suitable implements to provide the fine, firm, clean seed‐bed required. Midsummer sowing may have contributed to failure, for timothy establishes itself best in a moist soil. Timothy seems to have maintained a rather modest place during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The first real progress was made after 1920 when the agronomic potential of the valuable material among our indigenous populations of grasses was appreciated and developed into a number of new cultivars adapted to current need

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an experiment in which three levels of P and five levels of N fertilizer were applied, it was found that at the highest levels of fertilization the hay yields were increased fourfold, the percentage of crude protein was doubled, the crude‐protein yield increased sevenfold, and the P uptake increased five times over those of the control. This increased production was mainly a result of the use of N fertilizer, although significant PxN interactions were obtained at the higher levels of N fertilizer. By itself, P fertilizer had little effect on any of the above increased yields. It would appear that very much higher production, especially of CP and P, might be attained, if even higher levels of fertilizer were applied.Basing income on hay yields and expenditure on fertilizer costs, the greatest profit was obtained from the higher levels of fertilization. This applied especially to N fertilize

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of defoliation and date of nitrogen application in the spring to seed crops of meadow fescue, S215 and S53, were compared in two harvest years, in drills spaced at 18 in. S215 tillers were generally more robust than S53 tillers, and S215 produced a higher number of fertile shoots as the result of a higher conversion rate of over wintering to fertile tillers. N applied early and absence of defoliation gave the highest ratio of seed heads to over wintering tillers.Seed‐ and straw‐yields were depressed by April and May defoliations; May cutting had a particularly drastic effect on both varieties. S53 yields in all treatments were generally inferior to those of the hay variety, S215.Head lengths and spikelet numbers were higher and 1000‐seed weight lower in S53 than in

ISSN:0142-5242    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1969.tb01044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY