ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to examine the effects of presenting augmented information to children with cerebral palsy during practice of a novel motor skill.MethodsSingle-subject designs with nonconcurrent baselines were used to study improvements in performance. Thirteen children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to one of three practice protocols and performed 36 ten-second trials to learn to move a Pedalo, a therapeutic exercise vehicle, backward. Each protocol involved a variable mix of practice under the following conditions: no augmented information, knowledge of performance, and knowledge of performance enhanced by a cognitive strategy. Performance was measured by changes in backward displacement (cm) of the Pedalo across trials.ResultsAll 13 subjects demonstrated improvement in performance across phases. However, only eight subjects (62%) demonstrated a significant improvement in performance when the baseline and retention phases were compared. Of these eight subjects, one demonstrated significant improvement in performance with practice alone, two when provided with knowledge of performance, and five when provided with knowledge of performance and a cognitive strategy.ConclusionsThis study suggests that children with cerebral palsy benefit greatly from practice of motor tasks and that some of these children may benefit from the use of cognitive strategies to enhance the role of knowledge of performance during practice of motor skills. However, sufficient time is required to successfully integrate the feedback into performance.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThis study investigated the values held by Anglo-American and Mexican-American mothers of children with physical disabilities. The study also examined whether these values affected the mothers’ satisfaction with their children’s habilitative services.MethodsSixty mothers of Anglo-American or Mexican-American background from low- and middle-income groups participated. Each mother ranked 12 value traits, which represented various aspects of her child’s development, and completed 15 statements regarding her satisfaction with the habilitative services provided to her child.ResultsMothers in the middle-income Anglo-American group were found to place greater emphasis on morality and less emphasis on health and neatness/cleanliness than mothers in the other three groups. Mothers in the middle-income Anglo-American group were also more confident about the future of their children and their own ability to help their children.ConclusionsThese findings can be interpreted using the contact hypothesis theory, in which middle-income Anglo-Americans represent the “in-group.” The author suggests physical therapists need to be aware and sensitive to differences among patients’ families, especially as they relate to socioeconomic class and ethnicity.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of an increased number of practice trials on scores on the Gross Motor Scale of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS) among preschoolers who are typically developing. Performance-based assessment tools such as the PDMS generally allow for limited practice.MethodsNineteen children between the ages of 48 and 68 months participated in the study. The PDMS was administered to each subject on a single test occasion, with up to five trials allowed and scored for each task. Analysis included the percentage of change in scores, identification of differences among mean scores per number of trials using multivariate analysis of variance, and potentially clinically significant change using confidence intervals.ResultsAll mean raw gross motor domain and total scores with three to five practice trials were significantly different (p< 0.001) from scores attained with standard administration of the PDMS. The largest score increases occurred in the domain of receipt and propulsion. Almost 50% of the subjects demonstrated potentially clinically significant improvements with five trials.ConclusionsWe question the validity of scores received by preschoolers for receipt and propulsion tasks used in the PDMS and suggest reexamination of such tasks. Allowing practice trials during administration of all tasks on the PDMS with preschoolers may allow them to achieve scores reflective of their optimal performance.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe the relationship between specific concepts of dynamic theories and specific Tscharnuter Akademie for Movement Organization (TAMO) therapy principles.Key PointsTheories of dynamic perception, such as functional coupling between organism and environment, active pick-up of task-specific information, functional coupling between perception and action are emphasized. Principles of TAMO examination and treatment apply theoretical concepts of nonlinear, reciprocal interactions between organism and environment, information-based perception and action, internal and external forces acting on the body. To determine skill levels, TAMO focuses on self-produced actions, their adaptability to diverse situations, and the active and selective pick-up of task-specific information. Without moving the patient, the therapist provides task-specific information and changes the existing force distribution through a gentle, task-specific loading input; thus patients are challenged to actively reorganize to new situations. The variability associated with exploring available movement possibilities teaches patients which perceptual-motor aspects need to be monitored. Subsequently, these rules of coordination can be spontaneously generalized to a variety of similar situations.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeIn this case series, we examined how two types of prone stander affected bone mineral density and behavioral variables in four children of preschool age with severe cerebral palsy.MethodsIn phase one, four children of preschool age participated in an eight-week standing program, standing for 30 minutes a day, five days a week. Two children stood in a conventional stander, and two stood in a new type of motorized (dynamic) stander that provides intermittent weight bearing. Measurements of bone mineral density before and after the program revealed increases in bone mineral density in both children who used a dynamic stander and one child who used a static stander. In phase two, all four subjects stood in both types of stander during three separate test sessions.ResultsMeasures of behavioral variables, including behavioral state, reactivity, goal directedness, and attention span, indicated little or no effect of type of stander on behavior.ConclusionsThese results suggest there is potential value in additional research concerning the effects of static and dynamic standers on bone mineral density and behavior in children with cerebral palsy.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeThe purpose of this clinical suggestion is to describe a new type of a stander, a dynamic stander.Key PointsThe dynamic stander may give children with severe cerebral palsy an opportunity for movement in lower extremities and trunk while they are standing. It may increase their tolerance for standing in a stander for a considerable period of time. In addition, the potential for increased bone mineral density might be greater with a dynamic stander than a conventional stander. The design, development, and initial clinical use of the new type of stander is described.SummarySome minor problems related to the design of the dynamic stander were noted. Design changes to correct these problems could be easily implemented before the introduction of the stander for more widespread clinical use.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID