ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pediatric physical therapists apply an impressive knowledge base in making timely decisions for children with cerebral palsy. To illustrate the processes applied by pediatric physical therapists, this report describes the application of cognitive schemata, calledmovement scripts, which represent prototypical patterns of children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Retrospective think-aloud procedures were used to elicit verbalizations by three experienced and three novice pediatric clinicians as they watched videotapes of 48 intervention sessions involving 18 children. Transcribed dialogues were coded and analyzed to identify and describe movement scripts. Videotapes of five hourly treatment sessions representing four months of therapy were analyzed further to explore and illustrate the clinical application of movement scripts used by one experienced clinician. Movement scripts were used to encode, organize, store, retrieve, and apply clinical information. Six treatment activities, accounting for 71% of the treatment time for one experienced clinician and one child, illustrate how movements scripts were applied. These activities suggested movement scripts may help clinicians apply two current therapeutic theories (motor learning and neurodevelopmental treatment) in the midst of complex clinical conditions. Pediatric physical therapists used movement scripts as cognitive schemata to apply prototypical clinical information when making decisions during the evaluation and treatment of children with diplegic cerebral palsy. Understanding the application of these cognitive structures provides an important approach for investigating and implementing physical therapy procedures for children with cerebral palsy.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The reliability and validity of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) were investigated in a series of three studies: 1) intrarater reliability (n = 23), 2) interrespondent reliability (n = 1 7), and 3) concurrent validity with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS) (n = 25). In the intrarater reliability component of the study, parents were interviewed using the PEDI two times, with one week between interviews. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) (3,1) were high for the summary scores for each domain and moderate to good for the content areas within each domain. Interrespondent reliability was investigated using parents and therapists as respondents. ICC (2,1) ranged from 0.18 to 0.94 for content areas within the domains, indicating varying degrees of reliability on the items. Those items that had inconsistent ratings between parents and therapists were ones typically not observed in the clinic setting. The results suggest that reliability is increased when the PEDI is administered to both the parent and the primary therapist, as their perceptions of the child differ on some of the PEDI items. Pearson correlation coefficients between subscale scores for the PDMS and the summary scores from each domain of the PEDI were moderate to high (r= 0.64–0.95), indicating that these tests measure similar aspects of the child's performance. The PDMS was more sensitive in identifying children as delayed, when using the criterion of 1.5 SD below the mean. In general, the findings support the PEDI as a reliable and valid assessment of functional performance in children with disabilities. (Pediatr Phys Ther 1996;8:15–24)

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Baby walkers have been associated with injuries, even death, and health associations advocate strongly against their use. Parents, however, continue to use these devices. A retrospective study was conducted in three Canadian provinces to determine how walkers were obtained, their use, and frequency of injuries. A structured telephone questionnaire was used to elicit retrospective and current data. Volunteer respondents were 73 caregivers to 111 children. The period of use ranged from five to ten months of age. A 14.4% injury rate was reported. These injuries commonly were bruises. The typical cause of injury was a fall down stairs. Only two children received medical attention with neither requiring treatment. Older model walkers having five or fewer wheels were associated with a higher reported injury rate (p < 0.01). Baby walkers were obtained from family or friends (49%), or purchased secondhand. Physical therapists can assist in prevention of injury through disseminating information on the dangers of this equipment. Greater public education is needed on the hazards of using baby walkers, especially older models.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this review is to inform pediatric physical therapists about the issues of atlantoaxial (AA) instability in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Osseus anomalies, ligamentous laxity, trauma (including surgical procedures), and upper respiratory infections are thought to contribute to AA instability. When this instability becomes symptomatic, indicating spinal cord impingement, disabling neurologic sequelae and possible death can occur. Predictive risk factors for symptomatic instability have not been identified clearly. Thus, identification of the signs and symptoms of spinal impingement are very important. Physical therapists can play a valuable role in the early identification of spinal cord impingement by performing regular neurological examinations and watching for unexplained loss of function. Therapists also should avoid movements or exercises that put undue stress on the cervical spine. Finally, physical therapists can educate parents of children with DS about the signs and symptoms of spinal cord impingement.

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0898-5669    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID