ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper we take the position that cognition can be meaningfully understood at the group level of analysis. We refer to group‐level cognitive activity associalcognition, a term that we apply collectively to those social processes involved in the acquisition, storage, transmission, manipulation and use of information for the purpose of creating a group‐level intellective product. In this context, the word ‘social’ is used to denote how cognition is accomplished, not its content. It is proposed that at least some social cognition occurs in every kind of group problem‐solving situation, though the amount and type depends on the specific problem‐solving functions that need to be addressed in order to reach a problem solution. We examine a number of these functions, and consider how they are served by various group member actions. This analysis is informed (though not determined) by certain functional analogies that can be found between individual‐level and group‐level (i.e. social) cognition. The benefits of adopting a functional orientation to understanding group problem solvin

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00983.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reviews evidence on group and organizational learning curves and examines whether there is evidence for the presence of a system learning curve at the level of the group or organization that is distinct from the learning curves of individual members. The extent to which group or organizational learning curves can be explained by learning from the experience of other groups or organizations in the focal unit's environment is also examined. Properties of group and organizational learning curves are described.

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00984.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lewin's proposition that it is easier to change people as part of a group than as isolated individuals is given a systems or niche level interpretation in terms of an integration of Vygotskian‐Gibsonian perspectives. Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) concept is given an equivalent within the attitude realm in regard to a group‐mediated Zone of Potential Change (ZPC). The ZPC is in turn given an ecological elaboration in terms of how concepts such as affordances and attunements may be used to clarify at a process level the role of groups in modifying members' objects of judgement. The Vygotskian concept of activity is used throughout as a means of integrating these approaches in regard to treating change as a system level property of gro

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00985.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concept of feedback seeking proposed by Ashford&Cummings (1983) is extended by considering the process of feedback seeking when people work in groups. Three issues are considered. First, motives that underlie feedback seeking in groups are identified. Second, the impact of each motive on the level of feedback sought (individual or group); the decision to seek feedback from other group members, people outside the group or from a non‐human source; and the decision to seek information publicly or privately are described. Third, implications of feedback seeking for group effectiveness are discusse

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00986.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines potency, defined as the collective belief in a group that it can be effective, and its tole in determining group effectiveness. The paper illustrates the construct and reviews its origins. The distinctiveness of potency from efficacy and from other collective and motivational constructs is described. The measurement of potency is also examined. The paper concludes with a presentation of a conceptual framework for understanding the determinants of potency and with a discussion of future theory, research and practice.

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0144-6665    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1993.tb00988.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY