摘要:

Summary.The Wechsler Pre‐School and Primary Scale of Intelligence is examined. In an empirical study, 150 children, average age 5 years 5 months, in their second term of schooling on the Isle of Wight, were tested. The results are presented and suggestions are made as to how these data could be interpreted when this test is used with British childre

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, modified in certain respects in order to render it suitable for use with a British child population, was administered to a random sample (n=60) of 5 1/2‐year‐old children in Nottingham. Results are compared with those obtained by Yuleet al(1969) and it is noted that except for means and standard deviations they are closely similar. Though the studies agree as to the absence of significant sex differences it is suggested in this paper that there may well be a bias in favour of boys throughout the Sc

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A revised Boxall School Anxiety Test was administered to 1,120 first‐year grammar school pupils in 42 schools in South Wales and the West Riding. After separating these into pupils from mixed, boys' and girls' schools, scores were seen to be consistently related to occupational class, the most anxious pupils being from the lower classes. Girls recorded a greater anxiety than boys. Pupils in single‐sex schools had slightly higher scores than those in mixed schools, but both groups had only recently entered these scho

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Four semantic differential questionnaires were employed to investigate the ways in which boys aged 11–15 perceive smoking. Each questionnaire consisted of 19 bi‐polar scales against which the boys had to rate the following four concepts: ‘the boy smoker’; ‘the boy non‐smoker’; ‘the self’; and ‘the ideal self.’ 5,601 boys completed the four questionnaires.Factor analysis of the intercorrelations between the scales showed that the boys were rating the concepts largely in terms of three basic dimensions: ‘Educational Success,’ ‘Toughness' and ‘Precocity.’ Toughness which boys associate with smoking appears to provide an incentive both for non‐smokers to take up smoking and for smokers to continue to smoke. Smokers also associate smoking with Precocity, an attribute which they think non‐smokers lack. Although the smokers' Precocity does not have much attraction for non‐smokers the value smokers place on it provides an incentive for them to go on smoking. The one attribute non‐smokers have which is attractive to smokers, even though they feel they lack it, is Educational Success. This last finding casts doubt on the theory that smokers have identified themselves with an out‐of‐school youth culture, which is completely antagonistic to

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.607 freshmen in the 1966 intake at the University of Bradford completed a personality inventory and the Nufferno intelligence test. The mean extraversion score was lower than those obtained from traditional university samples, but higher than the normal population. Undergraduates at Bradford were more neurotic than the normal population and the arts specialists, particularly the women, were more neurotic than the men scientists. Women science specialists were substantially more intelligent and extraverted than any other group in the sample. Appreciably higher intelligence scores were obtained by science and technology students than by arts and social sciences, but within these subject areas there were no social class differences. In keeping with other studies in technological institutions, proportionally more students were recruited from working class homes than is experienced by established universities.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.If cues in redundant sources are cross‐related it is often possible to detect that an error has been made. Evidence of self‐correction behaviour in 5‐year‐old beginning readers is presented and the interpretation is made that an efficient information‐processing strategy is developed by children who make good progress in learning to read. That such a strategy could be developed by young children at a stage of intuitive rather than logical thinking is best explained in terms of Neisser's concept of multiple thought processes which he considers appropriate for dealing with novel, irregula

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Correlations between school attainment and various intellectual, personality and social variables are reported separately for the top and bottom thirds of the ability range. The ability groups were formed from an age‐group of 2,538 Aberdeen children, who had been given tests yearly between the ages of 11 and 14. Results suggest that secondary school attainment is more difficult to predict in the high ability group than in the low ability group. But academic motivation is more closely related to school attainment for the high ability group. Among bright boys extraversion is negatively related to attainment, but in the low ability group the relationship is positive. Similar, but less extreme, differences exist among girls in this sampl

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.This paper describes ten attitude scales for use with pupils aged 9 to 11 years. These are: attitude to school; interest in school work; importance of doing well; attitude to class; ‘other’ image of class; conformingversusnon‐conforming pupil; relationship with teacher; anxiety about school work; social adjustment; self‐image.The scales were derived empirically and each is made up of a number of statements made by children during group discussions and selected after factor analyses and scalogram analyses. For each scale the aim has been to achieve homogeneity of content and where possible a cumulative structure. The internal consistency of each scale is expressed in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The intercorrelations of the scales with each other and also with external data are given. Information for the latter came from several sources. These were (a) personality and ability ratings of the pupil by the teacher; (b) parents' ability ratings and educational aspirations for the child; (c) sociometric data; (d) achievement test scores; and (e) interest

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Attitudes towards five curriculum activities amongst 438 children were examined in relation to sex, age and schooling differences. A Guttman scale developed for the study proved to be a reliable and effective instrument for such an investigation amongst young children. The results suggest that girls held more favourable attitudes than boys towards school activities, and that expressive activities are held in higher esteem than more reproductive skills. Differences are indicated between schools, showing that emphasis on particular activities in school tends to be associated with more favourable attitudes. It is further shown that older children hold less favourable attitudes towards school activities and a markedly low attitude towards literary activities in particular.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The attitudes of 192 boys and 192 girls aged 14–15 were examined concerning (1) their liking for school, (2) interest in subjects, (3) life goals and (4) personality development. Boys had a more favourable attitude than girls on points covered by (2) and (4); grammar school pupils had a more favourable attitude than the others on (2), (3) and (4). The results suggest that children's attitudes towards their schooling are by no means unitar

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY