摘要:

Summary.Verbal reasoning and semantic divergent thinking scores together with assessments of conventional and creative English attainment were gained for 331 10‐year‐old children. A factor analysis demonstrated a separation of the ability and attainment measures. A zonal analysis showed that highly divergent children gained better scores on the creative attainment criterion than did highly convergent children. The threshold hypothesis was tested by relating convergent and divergent thinking at different levels of VRQ, and was rejected. Evidence concerning construct and academic validity is discus

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The Persian form of the EPI and Eysenck's Psychoticism Scale were administered to a large group (about 23,000) of Iranian secondary school graduates, aged between 18 and 19, taking the Pahlavi University entrance examination. The latter consisted of a Persian adaptation of the Otis (Advanced Level) and five multiple choice tests of academic attainment. Analysis of results for two randomly selected groups of boys and one group of girls revealed a consistently negative correlation between measures of cognitive performance and psychoticism. A somewhat less consistent but positive correlation was observed for the extraversion scale. There was little correlation between neuroticism and measures of intelligence or achievement.Considering the joint effects of extraversion and psychoticism, stable extravert subjects seemed to have performed best on tests of ability and attainment. Psychotic introverted girls, however, seem to be superior to their extraverted counterparts. This sex difference persists with regard to a number of other dependent variables.On the whole, the personality patterns of more intelligent and academically successful Iranian students would appear to be more like those of younger British pupils (below 15 years) than their own age‐mates. The superior correlation between the psychoticism scale and measures of cognitive efficiency indicates the need for further exploration of this dimension as a potentially important aspect of normal personalit

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Downing (1970) has shown that young children learning to read experience difficulty in understanding the technical vocabulary of teaching reading and has suggested that this is due to their inability to understand abstract concepts. This study confirms some of the difficulties and traces their resolution, attributing them not so much to the children's limited cognitive abilities and the abstract nature of the concepts, as to unfamiliarity with an analytical approach to language and to the range and overlap of reference in use of the terms.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A stratified sample of 160 fourth and fifth‐year secondary school pupils, all of whom had completed a mathematics course leading to the Certificate of Secondary Education, were given a series of mathematics tests. These tests were structured into four sections according to item type, multiple‐choice, data sufficiency, multi‐facet and traditional, each section being divided into two broad content areas, number and space. A six‐way analysis of variance of the scores, separating the main and interactive effects of extraversion, neuroticism, ability, sex, item type and content area, showed that: (i) extra‐verted boys and introverted girls constitute a higher performing group within their own sex; (ii) the overall performance of both stable introverts and neurotic extraverts stands out in relation to that of the other personality types; (iii) among those of high ability introverts do better, while among those of lower ability extraverts do better; and (iv) stable pupils do better than the neurotic on traditional items in space content, this being the only significant difference in a directly opposite pattern of neurotic‐stable differences in the two content areas.It is suggested that introversion might become advantageous at an earlier age for girls than for boys, and that all future studies in the field should take account of both the form and content of the assessmen

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The development of eye‐hand co‐ordination and ‘handedness' was investigated in normal infants aged from 20 to 52 weeks. Systematic cinema records were made of visuo‐manual behaviour in the single cube, pellet and bell situations from the Gesell developmental examination. These were subsequently analysed to provide a series of curves which elucidate the trends in the development of integrated visuo‐motor behaviour during the period studied. The developmental process is complicated by the related problem of the systematic changes that apparently occur over the same period in lateral asymmetry (‘handedness’). Several indices of ‘handedness' confirmed a marked predominance of the left hand in the youngest age groups. Consistently over the three test situations, and probably significantly in its relationship to the eye‐hand linkage, this initial ‘left‐handedness' gives way during the third quarter of the first year to right‐hand dominance. The way in which the shift occurs lends support to a maturational, rather than a learning or social pressure, explanation of lateral asymmetry. Moreover, the developmental sequence is such that the right‐hand take‐over appears to occur on the basis of cross‐education (bilateral transfer) rather than of direct prac

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Half a sample of 274 secondary school pupils took part in a woodwork design test and half in a metalwork design test. Half the pupils participating in each test developed their design solutions by modelling in an easily worked substitute material (clay for wood, card for metal) and half by drawing. Four specialist judges assessed the design solutions developed by modelling as functionally more effective, more appropriate to the final material, and more suited to construction by a pupil in the workshop than those developed by drawing.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Eysenck and Cookson (1969) unexpectedly found a low positive correlation between JEPI Extraversion and rated emotional stability. A negative correlation would have been more in line with expectation. It was hypothesised that the unexpected results were due to the nature of the rating scale used. To test this hypothesis 645 11‐year‐old children were rated for emotional stability by their teachers on a new scale, and a further 677 children were rated by their teachers on the original scale. Both sets of ratings were correlated with Extraversion. The hypothesis was not supported. The paper concludes with a discussion aimed at underlining, and to some extent explaining, differences between teachers' ratings and questionnaire responses in the sphere of emotional stability‐instab

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A 20‐item questionnaire designed by Joyce and Hudson to measure convergence and divergence was given to a sample of 306 first‐year university students from various science and non‐science disciplines. From the data the scale was refined using factor analysis. To validate the scale, scores on intelligence and open‐ended tests were obtained from the sample and used to define three groups consisting of convergers, divergers and all‐rounders. The scale proved to be more closely related to science/non‐science bias than to convergence

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Enrolment in B.Ed. as opposed to certificate courses in a sample of 168 college of education students matched by sex, academic qualifications, and course requirements was found to be associated with high N Ach, high internalization of responsibility for success, and low internalization of responsibility for failure. Personal orientation towards achievement is suggested as a critical yet relatively unresearched variable in college course choice and selection.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Concerned about the problem of evaluation, the staff of an Ontario College of Education performed an experiment on the ranking of student teacher performance. The results of the study, which involved only 13 students and a like number of staff, indicated a high measure of consistency in ranking. More important, the ensuing discussion suggested the need for more refined research on this problem.

ISSN:0007-0998    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1973.tb00740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY