摘要:

A critical evaluation is made of the “points” system proposed by Cooper for the evaluation of personal training programmes. It is shown that even when equal durations of activity are compared, the energy expenditures needed to earn a given point score differ from one form of activity to another; cycling requires a high rate of energy expenditure, and walking and swimming lower rates of energy expenditure than running. The points awarded for participation in some sports are also low.A modification of the points scheme is proposed to take account of the known effects of intensity of effort, initial fitness, frequency and duration of effort on the training process.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty-five men between the ages of 17 and 59 participated voluntarily in a 10-week program of jogging. The group was randomly divided into two subgroups, one training 12 minutes/day, 3 days/week; and the other training 24 minutes/day, 3 days/week. Both groups demonstrated significant increases in vital capacity, Max VO2, and O2pulse; and significant decreases in both resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, resting heart rate, and maximal heart rate. A decrease in residual lung volume was found only in the 12 minute group while only the 24 minute group showed significant decreases in weight and increases in total work, maximum tidal volume and Max VE. While the 24 minute group generally demonstrated changes in the desired direction of greater magnitude, the differences between these two groups relative to their respective changes were not statistically significant, with the exception of the residual volume. In addition, age did not appear to influence the degree of physiological change resulting from this training program.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Large differences exist between maximum theoretical values for the O2debt following muscular exercise (3–5 liters) and some experimentally determined values (12–20 liters). This study was designed to observe the ventilatory responses during recovery from muscular work and their relation to O2debt. Two subjects were tested over a wide range of work loads on a bicycle ergometer. O2uptake was determined by a modification of the Douglas Bag technique. In a series of experiments on one subject, O2debt increased approximately as a linear function of work load through about 1200 kgm/-min, at which point the O2debt began to increase disproportionately. The largest O2debt was 8.9 liters. The rate of ventilation was extremely high during severe work and remained elevated during the first few minutes of recovery, suggesting that the O2cost of breathing during recovery might influence the measurement of O2debt. We conclude that there exist during recovery, factors unrelated to the replenishment of depleted energy stores (such as the O2cost of breathing), which may influence the estimation and interpretation of O2debt. Furthermore, until this problem can be resolved, the use of O2debt measurements as an index of anaerobic energy stores available during severe work is suspect.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The occurrence of exercise proteinuria as measured by the albustix dip and read technique was analyzed with respect to several physiological measurements in 499 males who took part in a treadmill exercise test of physical work capacity. The decade—specific incidence of proteinuria after exercise increased with age until the fourth decade. Covariant analysis (holding age constant) shows that oxygen consumption (at standard heart rate of 150 b.p.m.), maximum heart rate reached, systolic blood pressure (with heart rate of 150 b.p.m.) and total time of exercise were significantly correlated (P

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anxiety, body weight, and percent fat were evaluated in eleven college wrestlers over a one week period as they attempted to lose approximately 5 percent of their body weight. Nine control wrestlers were administered the same tests and instructed not to make an attempt to lose weight during the experimental week. There were no significant changes observed for the control group during the experiment. The experimental group, however, decreased on both the anxiety and body weight variables. While the weight loss was characterized by a statistically significant decrease in the mean anxiety level, it is questionable whether the magnitude of this decrement represents a shift of practical significance. It was concluded that neither ergogenic nor harmful psychological effects resulted from a weight loss of 4 percent in the college wrestlers studied in this investigation.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Electrogoniometers were used to measure step length, frequency and movements of hip, knee and ankle with increases in running velocity. Experienced distance runners ran on a horizontal treadmill at speeds ranging from 183 to 396 m/min. Runners increased velocity by increasing both step length and frequency; length playing a greater part at lower velocity and frequency playing a greater part as velocity approached 396 m/min. As velocity increased, hip extension showed little change while hip flexion increased markedly causing the amplitude to increase. During the swing phase, knee extension decreased while flexion increased with an increased amplitude. During the support phase, knee extension decreased while flexion increased with no change in the amplitude. Ankle flexion, extension and amplitude did not change with increase in velocity.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to determine the intensity and duration of EMG muscle action potentials in the upper and lower segments of the rectus abdominis (RA) muscle during four abdominal exercises: the conventional sit-up, the hook sit-up, the arched back sit-up, and the double leg raise. Integrated muscle action potentials were analyzed for both intensity (maximum pen deflection) and duration (amount of time during the contraction in which a moderate degree of activity was present). All three types of sit-ups elicited significantly greater intensity of contraction than the leg lift exercise in both the upper and lower RA. The three sit-up exercises did not differ significantly from each other. Since the intensity of the leg lift exercise was seldom sufficient to allow a duration measurement to be taken, only the three sit-up exercise were included in the analysis of duration. In duration the arched back sit-up significantly surpassed the hook and conventional sit-up for both the upper and lower rectus muscle. The hook and conventional sit-up did not differ significantly from each other. In every subject, for both intensity and duration, the readings were much higher in the upper rectus than in the lower rectus.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The possible cause of hamstring strains was investigated in football players and track athletes, The subjects were divided into those who did (experimental) and those who did not (control) sustain hamstring strains. Five members of the San Diego Chargers football team and 12 track athletes made up the experimental group while 50 athletes were used as controls. Three tests, cable-tension knee flexion, cable-tension knee extension, and the sit-and-reach were administered to each subject. Two strength relationships were found significant at the .05 level. These relationships were concerned with the strength between the hamstrings, and unequal flexion-extension strength ratio.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A testing apparatus and technique is described for the evaluation of the impact absorption characteristics of hockey helmets. Ten hockey helmets were tested. The test consisted of placing a hockey helmet on a wooden headform suspended from the ceiling by cables, and impacting the helmet and headform assembly by a pendulum at predetermined impact velocities. The effectiveness of a helmet was evaluated by measuring the peak acceleration, calculating the maximum kinetic energy absorbed, and considering the shape of the acceleration-time-curve obtained from a piezoelectric accelerometer embedded in the headform. It was demonstrated that the testing technique and apparatus was capable of detecting differences between one helmet and another, between one position and another position on the same helmet, and that the results were repeatable. It was suggested that three parameters be used for evaluating the protectiveness of a helmet. These are; the general shape of an acceleration-time-curve, the peak acceleration, and the maximum kinetic energy absorbed in the headform.

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0025-7990    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID