ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis sewage‐treatment works, which is located within the Lake District National Park, on the shores of England's largest lake, receives flows from the villages of Windermere, Bowness and Troutbeck and serves a population which can double from winter to summer.The paper describes the logistical and other aspects of undertaking construction works within the confines of an existing site whilst maintaining treatment to incoming flows. The background and regulatory influences on the design of the scheme are covered, together with details of the new treatment units and the provision of facilities to strip phosphate from the effluen

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn recent years an increase in the eutrophication of reservoirs has added to the problems of lowland surface‐water treatment. A pilot plant was installed to test the effectiveness of various treatment regimes for a river source which was subject to occasional algal blooms, and a eutrophic reservoir source which was heavily contaminated with cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp.). The treatment processes adopted were dissolved‐air flotation for chemical coagulation, sand and anthracite filtration, comparative disinfection stages using ozone and chlorine followed by granular activated carbon filtration.The dissolved‐air flotation plant was not particularly effective for the removal of algae, but the sand/anthracite filtration process was capable of removing 50% of the algae. The ozone disinfection stage was adequate for disinfection and also reduced algal numbers. Overall the chlorine/granular activated carbon method did not perform as effectively as the ozone/granular activated carbon process; the iatter process was +99% effective for algai control, with river and reservoir so

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTStream gauging data play a vital role in the planning of flood mitigation strategies. A study of the value of stream flow data for the design of levee systems shows that the availability of a reasonable sample of pertinent data can be worth many times the cost of collecting that data.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring the period 1988–92, the south and east of England were subjected to drought conditions. Data from 10 catchments and three groundwater level records were analysed using runoff and groundwater deficit indices to place the drought in its historical perspective. In parts of eastern England the drought was the most extreme – in terms of runoff deficit – for at least 150 years. It was less notable in other parts of southern England, but still ex

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAn intermittent strong vegetable/cabbage odour was noted on raw water abstracted from the River Dee (NW England). The source of the odour was traced to an industrial discharge from an animal feed manufacturer to a tributary of the River Dee. Analysis of water samples by CLSA GC‐MS revealed the likely causes of the odour to be dimethyl disulphide and dimethyl trisulphide. 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMB), a hydroxy methionine analogue growth supplement used by the feed manufacturer was a likely precursor to the odour problem. Studies conducted on the behaviour of HMB in untreated water showed it to be rapidly degraded. Degradation products included dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide and methyl(methylthio)methyl disulphide. The odour of water samples incubated with HMB changed from that of potato to cabbage/sprout, indicating that breakdown of this compound was responsible for the vegetable odour on untreated rive

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper outlines the statutory arrangements governing water and sewerage charges in Scotland, and comments on the factors affecting the levels of charges. Trends in revenue expenditure over the period 1989–90 to 1992–93 are considered in relation to increases in personal community water charge levels, metered water rates, and costs per household. Non‐domestic sewerage rates and industrial effluent charges are also discussed. Some comparisons are made with England and Wales and with other countries. The funding arrangements for capital expenditure and their effect on the levels of charges are described, with particular reference to debt levels and rising expenditure to meet UK and EC standards. Factors affecting future charge levels are also ident

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe requirement for revised asset management plans from water‐supply companies and the need to prioritize the renewal of buried water‐supply pipework has stimulated an interest in the spatial distribution of corrosion risk and intensity. This paper reports how the relationships between soil corrosion and the spatial distribution of soil types, as displayed on soil maps, can be combined to predict the likely incidence of aggressive soils and thereby identify those water mains which are most likely to need early replacement. The concept is illustrated by a project supported by Portsmouth Water

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIntroduction of the drinking‐water Directive has resulted in a much more quantified approach to drinking‐water quality. Increased attention from environmental groups and the media, together with occasional breaches of the limits, have resulted in a loss of confidence in the product. Infringements depend upon the stringency of the limits and the quality of available raw water. The UK is one of the few EC countries having to use a high proportion of surface water. The Directive has now been fully implemented in all member states, but information on compliance is poor. Only the UK and Ireland produce compliance reports. Published papers indicate that infringement problems exist throughout the Community, particularly for pesticides, nitrate, lead, coliforms and iron. Nevertheless, drinking water is of very high quality within the EC, and UK supplies compare very favourably with the r

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper reviews the current capabilities of processes for phosphorus and nitrogen removal in relation to the EC urban waste water treatment Directive. The Directive is briefly described and the implications for the UK are discussed. This is followed by a review of biological and chemical processes for nutrient removal with special reference to their current state of application and performance. Particular attention is paid to processes for biological phosphorus removal which, in the past, was said to be less reliable than the chemical options but which is now being more widely applied in other parts of Europe as well as South Africa and North America. Processes for modifying both activated sludge and biological filter systems to meet the Directive are briefly described.

ISSN:1747-6585    

DOI:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY