摘要:

Abstract Data on stridulitral types, strial rumber, width, interspace and ontogenetic changes of stridulitral structures are provided and analyzed. Its significance on taxonomy is discusse

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Numerical cladistic method was used for analyzing the phylogeny of ladybirds, based upon adult and larval characters. The analysis of adult characters for 21 tribes, representing all subfamilies proposed by various authors, exhibited 18 equally parsimonious cladograms with high level of homoplasy. Five lineages were roughly revealed in the strict consensus tree: Sticholotidinae, Epilachninae, Coccinellinae (including Singhikalini), Coccidulinae (excluding Noviini) and Scymninae+Chilocorinae. The taxonomic interpretation of the adult analysis was similar to the classification proposed by Chazeauetal. (1990). Comparison of a preliminary analysis based on the larval characters for 14 tribes revealed only one component consistently supported in both analyses (Serangiini+Sukunahikonini). Larval analysis showed that Epi‐lachinae is the most primitive and highly derived group of the Coccinellidae. Larval characters might be more satisfactory in revealing the phylog

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract A cladistic analysis of the Asiatic genera of Mictini (s. str.) is made in the present paper. The results indicate that this group is monophyletic and their genitalia structrues are very similar, in spite of their variegated external forms. Derepterini Hsiao is proved to be a paraphyletic group and its synonymy with Mictini (s. str.) is supported by the cladograms. The cladograms show that there are some major differences between the mainly AfricanAnoplocnemisand the other Asiatic gener

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract BedHnet treatment with pyrethroids, either by impregnation or by spraying, has been considered as an important progress in vector control in antimalarial programmes. Since last decade, the method has been extensively adopted for malarial control in China. The present paper is a review of the results of laboratory studies, experimental evaluations and field trials and applications of bednet treatment in this country. Some comments are also given to the results in this respect. It is concluded that the bednet treatment with pyrethroids, particularly with deltamethrin, is a feasible community based prevention measure. It can be recommanded to replace DDT indoor residual sprays for vector control in most areas of low and moderate malaria endemicit

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract SV1was observed to have obvious synergism and could delay housefly (Musca domestica vicina) resistance development to Dipterex. The penetration rates of Dipterex through housefly cuticle were determined in a susceptible and two resistant strains. The results indicated that the penetration in the resistant housefly strains was obviously slower than in the susceptible one. The penetrating rate of SV1+ Dipterex (in mixture) was higher than that of Dipterex. The penetration reduction in resistant houseflies may be an important factor in bringing forth resistance. The increase of the penetrating rate of Dipterex and the decrease of its metabolic rate are regarded as the important mechanisms of SV1synergism to Diptere

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Electroantennogram responses (EAGs) to 39 plant volatiles fromAphis glycines, A. gossypiiandMyzus persicaewere recorded. The olfactory system of these three aphid species differentially responded to green leaf, aromatic, mono‐and sequiterpene chemicals. The EAG depolarizatin to green leaf chemicals and their isomers were more pronounced than to terpenes, alcohols and aldehydes, 6 carbon atom compounds being the most effective. It was shown that there was certain difference in the olfactory spectra of these three aphid species to plant volatiles. Higher responses inA. glycinesandA. gossypiiwere elicited by the leaf aldehydes and esters than by the corresponding alcohols, which are in contrast with those inM. persicue. The activity of aphid olfactory system was related to molecular structures of the compounds. The responses to saturated alcohols and aldehydes were higher than those to unsaturated. The responses of spring emigrants ofA. glycinesto terpene derivatives (alcohols, aldehydes and esters) were higher than those ofA. gossypii, but were lower to terpene hydrocarbons. The dissimilarity in olfactory spectra of the aphid species reflected the evolution of their host plant selection specificity. In the evolution, their chemosensory system adapted to perceive host plants. The shapes of the EAGs evoked by the various components were consistently different, with the slowest recovery for geraniol, 1‐decanol and (±)‐β‐cit‐ronellol, and ware related to number of carbon atoms in straight chain satur

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract The preference of greenhouse whiteflies varies with different species of host plants and leaves of different age. They prefer young leaves of tobacco, cucumber, broadbean and cowpea significantly more than the young leaves of paprika and old leaves of broadbean and cowpea. Behavioural studies indicated that the leaf‐time and total probing time were significantly longer on preferred leaves than on non‐preferred leaves. On non‐preferred leaves, probing may continue about 2 minutes but not longer than 5 minutes. On preferred leaves, there were both frequent probing for short intervals and probing (+feeding) which continued for 10 minutes or more. Morphological studies indicated that, in general, it needed 10 to 15 minutes for the stylet to reach the phloem and feed. The probing process takes no more than 10 to 15 minutes. Probing can be divided into test probing which takes less than 2 minutes to reach depths of 20 to 50 pm, and exploratory probing which surpasses 5 minutes. Test probing is the key process for determining host plant selection, and the chemical composition of the leaf surface wax may play an importa

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract The sex pheromone gland extracts of the Oriental tobacco budworm,Helicover assultaGuenée, collected from North China in Beijing area, were analyzed by capillary gas chromatograph(GC) and 6 components from the extracts were identified by capillary GC—MS as hexadecanal (16:Ald), (Z)9‐hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), (Z)‐9‐hexadecen‐1‐ol (Z9–16:OH), Z11‐hexadecen‐1‐ol (Z11–16:OH), Z‐9‐hexadecenylacetate (Z9–16:OAc) at a ratio of 10. 9: 58. 7: 3. 9: 14. 7: 1.1: 10. 7. Field studies indicated that an optimum blend of Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:Ald was 100: 7. Addition of 16: Ald or Z9–16:Ac to the two aldehyde blend showed no significant effect on attractiveness. However presence of Z9–16:OH in

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract In order to explore the role of ecdysteroids in development and reproduction of ixodid ticks, we studied the quantitative variation of ecdysteroids in the hemolymph, synganglion, ovary and whole body of the female ixodid ticks,Dermacentor niveusandHaemaphysalis longicornis, before and after engorgement and oviposition by HPLC and RIA. The ecdysteroid content in eggs of these ticks was determined by HPLC. The results indicated that before engorgement the quantitative variation of ecdysteroids in the whole female body was not significant, but their levels increased rapidly after engorgement. The ecdysteroid titer in hemolymph was peaked on the 5th day after engorgement, which was one day prior to oviposition. It may be regarded as a singnal of oviposition. In the synganglion the peak of ecdysteroid level occurred also on the 5th day after engorgement. This is coincident with the secretory activity of neurosecretory cells of synganglion. From the 3rd day after engorgement until oviposition the ecdysteroid level in the ovary increased rapidly. Ecdysteroids were detected in eggs ofH. longicornistoo. They stem from ovary and accumulated with the process of embryonic developmen

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract Using cell whole mount preparation, tetrad basal boby‐axoneme complexes in the primary spermatocyte from testicular cysts of fourth instar larvae ofBombyx moriare examined by transmission electron microscopy. There exist two paired basal body‐axoneme complexes and the two orthogonally oriented basal bodies are linked together with distal and proximal linking fibers. The growing complex displays voluminous distal swelling. At this stage, the axoneme consists of nine microtubular doublets. A connecting nodule is found at the juncture of basal body's triplet and axoneme's doublet, and the A and B tubules of the former continue through the nodule to become the ones of the l

ISSN:1672-9609    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7917.1994.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY