摘要:

ABSTRACT.A new approach is proposed for calculating the expected market share. It is assumed that consumers patronize a facility according to a utility function, selecting the facility with the highest utility value. However, consumers'ratings of the utility components are stochastic by some random distribution. Therefore, the buying power of customers located at the same point is divided among several facilities. A probability that a consumer patronizes a certain facility can be calculated. Consequently, the expected market share by competing facilities can be estimated. This calculation is more than 1,000 times faster than repeating a simulation enough times to achieve a reasonable accuracy.The distance decay calculated using the new approach is approximately exponential. A procedure for finding the optimal location anywhere in the plane for a new facility that maximizes the market share is also introduced.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In this study we use a translog profit function and iterate seemingly unrelated regressions to estimate a system of factor demand and output supply functions for metropolitan economies. Our sample includes all metropolitan areas defined by the Census in 1977 for the period 1962 to 1982. Estimation shows that all price elasticities are elastic and that the signs are as expected. These results hold true for virtually all model specifications. Our findings indicate that federal, state, and local tax policies have significant impacts on factor demand and output supply. Public investment plays a positive and significant, but small, role in increasing output and in complementing other factors, although this influence has declined over time. Additionally, capital provided by the private sector has a substantially larger impact on output and employment than does capital provided by the public sector.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper applies the production‐theory approach to assess the impact on domestic wages and employment of immigration to the United States. Inputs are disaggregated between recent immigrants, non‐recent immigrants, native workers, and capital. Census cross‐sectional data for 1980 and for 123 metropolitan areas are used. Empirical estimates are reported for alternative functional forms with special attention devoted to required curvature conditions which have frequently been violated in previous work. Elasticity estimates are reported for alternative settings, including for the short run where we view domestic factor prices as given and the long run where we treat them as fle

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper extends the work of Blommestein and Koper (1992)–BK–on the construction of higher‐order spatial lag operators without redundant and circular paths. For the case most relevant in spatial econometrics and spatial statistics, i.e., when contiguity between two observations (locations) is defined in a simple binary fashion, some deficiencies of the BK algorithms are outlined, corrected and an improvement suggested. In addition, three new algorithms are introduced and compared in terms of performance for a number of empirical contiguity structures. Particular attention is paid to a graph theoretic perspective on spatial lag operators and to the most efficient data structures for the storage and manipulation of spatial lags. The new forward iterative algorithm which uses a list form rather than a matrix to store the spatial lag information is shown to be several orders of magnitude faster than the BK solution. This allows the computation of proper higher‐order spatial lags “on the fly” for even moderately large data sets such as 3,111 contiguous U. S. counties, which is not practical with the other

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper analyzes the effect of eliminating apartheid land‐use restrictions in South Africa using a simplified version of the standard urban model. When freedom of residential location is granted, black township residents compete for land near the center of the core cities, pushing white residents to less accessible locations. Black consumption rises and white consumption falls in response, but the increase in total land rent is sufficient to compensate for white losses. The resulting aggregate welfare gain is a natural consequence of eliminating the distortion imposed by the apartheid system. These conclusions are robust to a number of modifications of the basic mode

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Most of the monopoly spatial price discrimination literature explicitly assumes uniform population density over space. It also implicitly assumes that firms (plants) are spatially isolated from each other with production and retail points that coincide in location. While departures from these assumptions have been explored separately in the literature, it remains to examine performance and location when these assumptions are relaxed simultaneously. What emerges in this paper is a model where density functions approximate a pair of cities isolated from other cities. Each city has its own retail market, while the location of a single production or wholesale point is determined by characteristics of the two markets. Comparisons of mill pricing and spatial price discrimination found in the spatial monopoly literature can be interpreted as special cases of the more general framework provided here.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In this paper we examine profit, price, output and welfare under mill and uniform pricing in a monopolistic spatial market with nonlinear demand, a general consumer distribution function, and a general transportation cost function. We show that if demand is convex (concave) then the optimal uniform price minus the average unit transportation cost is lower (higher) than the optimal mill price, output under uniform pricing is lower (higher) than output under mill pricing, and welfare under uniform pricing is lower (higher) than welfare under mill pricing, provided other respective conditions are satisfied.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Geography of Change in South Africa, edited by Anthony Lemon.Dynamic Urban Transportation Network Models: Theory and Implications for Intelligent Vehicle‐Highway Systems, by Bin Ran and David E. Boyce.Immigration and Ethnicity: The Integration of America's Newest Arrivals, edited by Barry Edmonston and Jeffrey S. Passel.Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy, by W. Brian Arthur.Dynamics of Office Markets: Empirical Findings and Research Issues, by John M. Clapp.Whose Backyard, Whose Risk Fear and Fairness in Toxic and Nuclear Waste Siting, by Michael B. Gerrard.Rural China in Transition: Non‐Agricultural Development in Rural Jiangsu, 1978–1990, by Samuel P. Ho.Law, Space, and the Geographies of Power, by Nicholas K. Blomley.Stemming Middle‐Class Decline: The Challenges to Economic Development Planning, by Nancey Green Leigh.Local Economic Development: Analysis and Practice, by John P. Blair.City‐Building in America, by Anthon

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1996.tb01106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY