摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider oligopolistic competition in a spatial model when firms take care of goods' delivery and discriminate among consumers. Firms compete by setting quantity schedules independently over space. We show that under general conditions a Nash equilibrium in this game exists and is unique. In equilibrium, firms’ markets overlap, a feature which accords with intuition and empirical observations. Over the interval between two firms, the equilibrium spatial price schedule is quasi‐concave (quasi‐convex) when transport costs are concave (convex). With linear transport costs, the model predicts uniform delivered pricing. Uniform pricing could moreover be obtained by a combination of increasing returns to volume in transportation together with concavity of unit transport costs in dis

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I examine the conditions and decision rules pertaining to the efficient provision of a central park in a city (provision that must satisfy the Samuelson condition). An interesting finding is that an additional opportunity cost that results from competition with residential use must be included to determine the efficient size of a central park. An efficient central park is larger in a city with public landownership than in a city with absentee landownership. Profit maximization and population maximization can be used as decision rules to determine the efficient provision of a central park in both an open city with absentee landownership and one with public landownership. The net benefit of a central park in a closed city with absentee landownership is reflected not only in the land rent or profit, but also in the utility level, while that of a closed city with public landownership is fully reflected in the utility level. It is not feasible to determine the efficient size of a central park for a closed city with either absentee or public landownership solely based on observable market information.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this study, we use a vector autoregressive modeling framework to test the zero restrictions implied by alternative criteria for ranking regions into hierarchies in the wage‐transmission debate. This approach allows formal statistical tests to be carried out for competing criteria suggested for determining leading and following regions.The ability of the modeling technique proposed here to produce a set of nested hypothesis tests of alternative criteria is in stark contrast to the historical literature in this debate. Researchers have traditionally proposed a criterion for ranking regions into a hierarchy, and then argued for the merits of their particular criterion by demonstrating that an econometric model of wage formation produces statistically significant coefficient estimates when their criterion is used to rank the regions of their data sample.We apply the methods proposed here to a sample of eight midwestern cities in the U.S. in order to test the following criteria: Beaumont (1983), Hart and MacKay (1977), Reed and Hutchinson (1976), unemployment rate, and earnings level. The test is for consistency with the Granger‐causal structure of wage interactions inherent in the wage diffusion idea. We argue that the technique set forth here is a real step forward that should allow a resolution of this particular debate. The proposed procedures might also be applied to empirically test other regional science hypotheses concerning for example, intercity and interindustry causal structu

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA wide variety of existing models of spatial agglomeration postulate additive‐interaction effects among agents. In this paper, a synthesis of such models is achieved by establishing certain mathematical equivalences between them. In particular, it is shown that Rockafellar's conjugacy theory of concave functions yields a symmetric one‐to‐one correspondence between three classes of existing models, here designated as spatial‐accessibility models, endogenous‐contact models, and fixed‐contact models. These correspondences not only allow the transference of results between models, but also suggest new economic interpretations of each model in terms of its conjugate model. A series of examples are drawn from the literature to illustrate th

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSpatial price theory suggests that locations which become basing points do so in response to competitive forces. The paper presents a model that captures the effect of those forces. When the model is tested against a sample of cement mills, there is little support for the competitive hypothesis. There is some evidence that the large cement producers determined which locations became basing points.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDaganzo (1977, 1979), Daganzo and Sheffi (1977), Sheffi (1985), and Sheffi and Daganzo (1980) have used one assumption about traveler behavior in developing estimation techniques for the stochastic route‐choice problem and another assumption in predicting flows on networks by using the same model. In estimation, they calculate the congested travel costs of the network links from observed flows on the network, and the network is loaded based on these costs. In prediction, they follow their stochastic user‐equilibrium assumption by which travelers evaluate costs using the mean of the observed flows (or equilibrium flows). The travel‐cost coefficient obtained from the loading method systematically overestimates the true travel‐cost coefficient from which the observed flow data (which must be used in loading) is generated. The estimates of the same coefficient, obtained in this paper, by constraining the estimation results to conform to the equilibrium conditions are unbiased, and only marginally less efficient (have larger standard deviations). The average percentage error and inefficiency of the link flow predictions based on the loading method increases as the level of congestion on the network rises. In contrast, the average percentage error of link flow predictions based on the equilibrium estimation method declines and their efficiency remains very high as the level of congestion on the networ

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we use a two‐stage intercity hedonic model to estimate household demand for public safety. This approach is shown to readily address the identification problem inherent in the hedonic model. Data from the 1980 Public Use Microdata Sample are used to estimate a willingness‐to‐pay function for the public‐safety good. Income is found to be the primary determinant of willingness to pay. Indeed, the influence of income outweighs the combined impact of family life‐cycle consi

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTComputation and usage of my neoclassical economic‐base marginal multiplier formula (Merrifield, 1987) is simplified. The note points out the economic parameters that must be estimated with some care and for which rough approximations suffice. It also indicates when the size of the multiplier will be significantly affected by the source of the exogenous stimulus (factor‐ or output‐price change). The traditional bifurcation effort must be supplemented with careful estimates of only a small subset of the other parameters. For most of the simulated parameter combinations, the multiplier based on exogenous factor‐price changes differed from the multiplier based on output‐price changes by less than 1

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1990.tb00086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY