摘要:

ABSTRACT.Associative memory techniques are drawn from the artificial intelligence literature, and have demonstrated considerable utility for parameter identification in dynamical systems. Previous turning point forecasts constructed by LeSage are compared to forecasts generated by associative memories and simple autoregressive models. Both the associative memories and the autoregressions perform as well or better than the more complicated econometric procedures described by LeSage, with the exception of West and Harrison's (1989) dynamic linear model specification. Extensions are suggested.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper examines the possibility of sustaining a collusive equilibrium in a standard location model. Drawing on recent developments in game theory, it is suggested that collusion is only feasible if market areas lie within a certain range. When market areas are large the threat of entry is likely to undermine any collusive agreement. In contrast when market areas are small, defection from the cartel is shown to be profitable. Thus collusion is shown to be feasible only when market areas and demand lie within certain bounds. More generally, this result appears to be consistent with the somewhat ambiguous empirical evidence which suggests that competitive pricing behavior is likely to prevail in periods of excessively high demand and during recessions.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT..The growth of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) commonly has been viewed as a “procompetitive” change in the structure of the health care delivery system. Because HMOs collect a prepaid fee from subscribers, they serve a dual role as insurers and providers of health care. While HMOs may have competed directly with conventional insurance plans, their effect in health care markets is potentially quite different. A multisector spatial equilibrium model, which incorporates the optimizing behavior of consumers, independent fee‐for‐service(FFS)providers, and a centralized HMO, is used to explore the effects of an exogenous shift in market structure away from FFS delivery toward the provision of seivices by the HMO. As more physicians are diverted from FFS practice to enter the HMO, both the HMO membership fee and prices in the FFS sector tend to rise. This pattern is consistent with empirical trends in the United States during the 1980s where, despite the rapid growth in HMOs and other forms of prepaid care, both FFS prices and HMO membership fees have risen

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The performance of five criteria for identifying significant interregional labor market linkages is compared. The criteria suggest differential model specifications based on the implicit tradeoff between parsimony and specification bias. Models were specified using: Akaike's final prediction error; Schwarz's Bayesian information criterion; an input‐output model; Aoki's time series algorithm; and a combined input‐outputi/time series approach. Models of the changes in monthly employment for twelve industries in six regions in northeastern Utah were specified using each criterion. Models based on Schwarz's criterion and the input‐output criterion were preferred to those based on other cri

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Models of the firm with costly labor turnover and models of migration with location‐specific consumption amenities are two standard explanations of the co‐existence of persistent wage differentials with extensive labor mobility. Labor turnover models postulate a worker quit function where the quit rate is inversely related to the regional wage differential in the steady state. We use amenity‐consumption models of migration to show conditions under which this postulate is consistent with household utility maximization. Our model extends standard amenity‐consumption analysis by making the value of amenities contingent on the “state” of the household. These household states are defined in terms of demographic, education, and health characteristics and are assumed to follow a Mar

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper analyzes the implications of an exogenous shift in relative prices for an economy that suffers from urban unemployment, as well as uncertainty, in the agricultural sector. Among other things, we show that with agricultural uncertainty, an exogenous shift in relative prices will lower agricultural profit. This result is in sharp contrast with the conventional case of risk‐neutrality or certainty where agricultural profit is unaffected by changes in the terms of trad

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00857.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Migration and Residential Mobility: Macro and Micro Approaches, by Martin CadwalladerIntegrated Urban Models 2: New Research and Applications of Optimization and Dynamics, by Stephen H. Putman.Urban Public Finance in Developing Countries, by Roy W. Bahl and Johannes F. Linn.The Randstad A Research and Policy Laboratory, edited by Frans M. Dieleman and Sako Musterd.Jumpstart: The Economic Unification of Germany, by Gerlinde Sinn and Hans‐Werner Sinn. 1993. (Translation, by Juli Irving‐LessmannProblems of Economic Transition: Regional Development in Central Europe, edited by Tibor Vasko.Regions Reconsidered: Economic Networks, Innovation, and Local Development in Industrialized Countries, edited by Edward Bergman, Gunther Maier, and Franz Tödtling.The Changing Role of Rural Communities in an Urbanizing World Saskatchewan 1961–90, by Jack C. Stabler, Margaret R. Olfert, and Murray Fulton.Restructuring Rural Saskatchewan: The Challenge of the 1990's, by Jack C. Stabler and Margaret R. Olfert.Housing Markets and Residential Mobility, edited by G. Thomas Kingsley and Margery Austin Turner.Spreadsheet Models for Urban and Regional Analysis, edited by Richard E. Klosterman, Richard K. Brail, and Earl G. Bossard.Microcomputer‐Based Input‐Output Modeling: Applications to Economic Development, edited by Daniel M. Otto and Thomas G. Johnson.Institutional Incentives and Sustainable Development: Infrastructure Policies in Perspective, by Elinor Ostrom, Larry Schroeder, and Susan Wynne.Preparing for the Twenty‐First Century, by

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1994.tb00859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY