摘要:

ABSTRACTAttention is initially focused on the principal characteristics of a hierarchical urban system. The structure of trade flows among the various levels of the hierarchy is outlined, and consideration is then given to nontrade flows, these comprising government transfers and capital movements, as well as the associated property‐payment flows. An equilibrium model is presented which is concerned with income at each level of the hierarchy. The balance‐of‐payments implications of the model are explored, and there is a discussion of the manner in which a trade imbalance at a particular level can be sustained in equili

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the determination of industry structure in a product market, given a monopolistic factor market. The characteristics of industry structure examined include the number of firms, their pricing and locational pattern.It is shown how a monopolistic factor owner–a landowner–structures the product market in order to extract maximum rent. Asymmetry characterizes the resulting locational pattern. All the product market firms charge different prices in equilibrium. No matter how large the number of firms competing in the product market, the landowner can always guarantee himself positive profits.The paper concludes with a discussion of possible applications and tests of the the

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAll previous theory and research have led to the expectation that the density of service establishments will be proportional to the 2/3 power of the density of the population served by them. Study of the distribution of over 400 nongovernmental establishments refutes this expectation for such cases. A previous derivation from time minimization theory is reformulated to encompass these new findings.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a new class of supply‐side multiregional input‐output (MRIO) models and provides the necessary and sufficient conditions on the regional trade matrices that ensure that a generalized supply‐side model will be convergent. The paper also introduces a new version of the row coefficient model, conceived as the “mirror image” of the Chenery‐Moses demand‐side column coefficient MRIO model. Given that the conventional supply‐side input‐output model has been shown to perform equally as well as the demand side model in forecasting exercises, the supply‐side MRIO model is expected to be of value for policy and planning purposes. Moreover, this model is of potential theoretical value for a broad synthesis of demand‐side and su

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the implication of production‐technology uncertainty for the exclusion theorem. The paper presents the result that the risk‐averse firm facing production technology uncertainty prefers an intermediate location to avoid risk under certain conditions. The firm chooses an intermediate location (over a corner location) particularly if its degree of risk aversion overwhelms the inherent convexity of profit with respect to location. The latter depends, in turn, on the structure of production technology characterized by the elasticity of substitution and returns to scale paramet

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe mean and the median are both measures of centrality. In one dimension, the median minimizes the average absolute distance from a facility to a set of customers {xi}, and the mean minimizes the average squared distance. In two dimensions, the median minimizes the average rectangular distance, and the mean minimizes the average squared distance. This paper investigates the “location penalty” when a nonoptimal location is substituted for the optimal location. In one dimension, the average absolute distance at the mean is never more than twice the average absolute distance at the median. Surprisingly, this happens when the median and mean are close together. In two dimensions, the ratio of the average Euclidean distance at the median to the average Euclidean distance at the optimum is never more than . However, this upper bound depends on an unlikely scenario with just two customers. With three equal‐sized customers, this ratio is never more than 1.12. However, if the triangle formed by the customers is rotated relative to the rectangular grid, the ratio never exceeds

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSome prior findings on spatial price discrimination are extended. Under certain spatially defined market conditions, discriminatory pricing is known to yield greater output than does nondiscriminatory f.o.b. mill pricing. However, this seemingly surprising result is based on the form of the basic demand function which is relatively less convex than a certain standard curve. The present paper makes this prior result more general by permitting the assumed basic demand to be relatively more convex.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a new mathematical technique to describe population density functions. Two length scales, which characterize the variation of these density functions within a region, are identified. A differential equation is derived and asymptotic solutions obtained. Two specific techniques, the method of matched asymptotic expansions and the method of multiple scales, are introduced and illustrated by application to population densities at both the metropolitan and regional levels.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper explores theories of population growth, and implied economic growth, among the major U.S. metro areas and regions. One set of theoretical arguments favor the growth of large cities, while an alternative set of arguments favor the growth of the smaller urban areas. Still another set of arguments combine economic space and urban size in the concept of regional growth centers as the engines of regional growth. Granger causality tests are applied to determine the role of urban size or growth centres as engines of regional growth. The test results indicate no causal relationship exists.

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIf Leontief systems are considered to be descriptions of optimizing behavior and if their technical coefficients are derived from accounting data, then the constancy of the input‐output coefficients is equivalent to assuming a generalized Cobb‐Douglas production function and profit maximizat

ISSN:0022-4146    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY