ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090102

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe volumetric properties of sixteen fluids of interest in cryogenic engineering have been used to calculate second virial coefficients over as large a temperature range as possible. These coefficients were then fitted to theoretical expressions based on the Kihara potential function. For helium, hydrogen, and neon quantum corrections were applied. For nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and acetylene corrections for quadrupole interactions were made. It was found that the theoretical expressions give an extremely good fit of all reliable experimental datu. The theoretical expressions may therefore be used with confidence to predict volumetric behavior at very low temperatures where data are frequently unavailable.With the aid of semiempirical mixing rules the theoretical expressions may be used to predict second virial coefficients for mixtures. Agreement with the very limited amount of experimental mixture data is satisfactory. Finally it is shown that calculations based on the Kihara potential may be employed to make useful predictions of phase equilibria such as the solubility of a solid in a compressed gas.

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090103

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA stirred vessel is maintained in a quasisteady state by continuously introducing water and a conductive tracer solution and continuously removing the resulting mixture by overflow. Detailed properties of the system are elucidated by measuring tracer concentration changes with a conductivity probe in a volume element of the order of 0.3 cu. mm. By the use of suitable electronic equipment the following statistical concentration parameters are measured in experiments with three diameters of flat‐bladed turbines and with a tenfold range of rotational speed: temporal mean, total root‐mean‐square fluctuation, spectral distribution of fluctuations, and Eulerian micro time scale. Results are interpreted in terms of behavior of time‐average and fluctuation measures in three regions, the generation region within the impeller volume, the decay region which starts in the horizontal fluid sheet issuing from the impeller, and the recirculation flow region in the vessel.Generation of concentration fluctuations within the confines of the impeller is described in terms of a model involving gross mixing, without significant decay, in the wake of each flat blade. Distributions of mean and fluctuating concentrations are suggested to provide a measure of uniformity in the vessel as a whole. The former, in particular, was remarkably constant throughout the

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090104

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090105

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of predicting the critical pressures of multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures of known composition has been developed. These mixtures include ternary, quaternary, and quinary systems consisting of normal and isoparaffins, olefins, acetylenes, naphthenes, and aromatics. The method, based upon the mole fraction of the low‐boiling component in the mixture, graphically presents the ratio of the actual critical pressure to the pseudocritical pressure as a function of a boiling parameter. For mixtures of more than two components the pseudocritical pressure is based on the critical pressure of the pure low‐boiling component and on the actual critical pressure of the mixture consisting of all the remaining higher‐boiling components. From an analysis of twenty‐seven binary systems (139 compositions) the average deviation of calculated values from reported values is 1.27%. For thirty‐four mixtures containing from three to seven components the average deviation is 1.64%.Based upon a similar approach graphical relationships are presented for the estimation of the critical molar density of binary hydrocarbon mixtures of known composition, which also may contain normal and isoparaffins, olefins, nuphthenes, and aromatics. The same boiling point parameter is used to correlate the ratio of the critical density to the reciprocal of the molar average critical volume for nonmethane systems and the product of the critical pressure and the critical volume for methane systems. From an analysis of fifteen binary systems (eighty compositions) the average deviation of calculated values form reported values

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090106

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBrine‐air and kerosene‐hydrogen systems were used for the mixed phase tests. No specific gas phase effects were detected. The measured variability, encompassing all three flow mechanisms, correlated well with particle Reynolds number for each system and decreased with increasing flow rate. However the variability component resulting solely from bulk liquid flow through the main bed channels was found to be relatively constant over a wide range of Reynolds number and independent of whether the bed was uniformly packed or contained large packing faults. The significance of these results to liquid‐solids contacting efficiency is disc

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090107

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effective scattering and absorption cross sections were determined from measurements of radiant transmission through isothermal beds of glass, aluminum oxide, steel and silicon carbide spheres, cylinders, and irregular grains. The radiant conductivities were calculated from these cross sections. Back scattering was found to be the principal mechanism of attenuation for all of the packings. Absorption was a significant mechanism only for the silicon carbide grains. At 2,000°F. The radiant contribution to the total heat flux was estimated to vary from 35% for the silicon carbide packings to 85% for the glass packings

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090108

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study has been made of the cation exchange equilibria between Dowex 50W‐X8 resin and aqueous solutions of copper nitrate, nitric acid, and sodium nitrate in binary and ternary mixtures. Experiments were carried out at room temperature with solutions having total cation concentrations of approximately 0.1N, 0.05N, and 0.01N. It was found that the equilibria for any two ions were essentially the same in binary and ternary mixtures. Moreover single valued selectivity coefficients were determined which characterize these data quite well for all three concentration levels. This makes possible the complete description, for engineering purposes, of ternary equilibria in terms of the simpler and more accessible binary exchange reactions, as previously suggested (1

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090109

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090110

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-1541    

DOI:10.1002/aic.690090111

出版商:American Institute of Chemical Engineers    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY