摘要:

AbstractThe present study set out to determine whether or not a mass media periodontal campaign had any effect upon preventive knowledge and behavior related to periodontal diseases. The campaign was denoted “The year against periodontal disease”, and launched by the Norwegian Dental Association. The empirical basis stemmed from nationwide interview surveys in February 1981 (prior to the campaign). 1982 (after the campaign), 1983, and 1985. Knowledge of how to prevent periodontal diseases and behavior in terms of daily use of dental floss and toothpicks increased from 1981 to 1985. However, the only campaign message which seemed to have reached the public was the most simple knowledge message: “Periodontal diseases are prevented by improved brushing”, and had been reinforced among those who had made a dental visit recently. However, behavioral changes which could be ascribed to the campaign did not seem to have occurred. This is consistent with empirical results from other mass media campaigns in health ed

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00543.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn dentistry comparative studies of diffusion of disease preventive innovations are rare and usually atheoretical. For these reasons the present study was designed 1) to determine whether or not normal distribution assumptions applied to decisions to adopt caries preventive fluoride programs in a public dental service; 2) to compare rates of adoption of two school‐based and one clinic‐based fluoride program, and 3) to look for evidence indicating which type of decision‐making may have been involved. The programs studied were school‐based fluoride brushing 4–5 times per year, fluoride mouthrinsing at least once a month, and professional topical fluoride applications at least once a year. Data were collected by postal questionnaires from public dental officers in Norway in 1972, 1977 and 1982. To determine the length of time which had elapsed from the time of innovation of the technologies to adoption, the dental literature was reviewed. The adoption curves for school‐based fluoride brushing and rinsing, as well as for clinic‐based topical fluoride application did not comply with the normal distribution assumption. The time lapse from innovation to adoption was in excess of 10 yr and the rates of adoption differed between programs. Decision‐making would appear to have been primarily individual or collective. It was concluded that generalization beyond the innovations studied and the social and organizational setting of this particular investigation is inadmissible. Consequently, there is a need for more and larger scale comparative analytical studies to increase our understanding of diffusion and adoption of innovatio

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00544.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that fluoride is present in beverages prepared with fluoridated water. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability of fluoride from beverages consumed in adjacent fluoridated and non‐fluoridated communities taking into account fluoride supplementation regimens. Children in grade six were invited to participate in recording of beverage intake in two cities in Alberta, Canada: Wetaskiwin, with water supplies fluoridated at 1.08 ppm F, and Camrose, non‐fluoridated with water supplies at 0.23 ppm F. Three‐day beverage intake records –“Drink Diaries”– were collected from 179 children in Wetaskiwin and 230 children in Camrose. Fluoride values, based on the analyses of Hargreaves, were assigned to the reported consumption of the children with the three highest and three lowest total beverage intakes in each community. A wide range of available fluoride was found. A substantial source of fluoride was shown to be available in the non‐fluoridated community from beverages other than water, primarily from carbonated beverages commercially prepared with fluoridated water. Available beverages and actual consumption should be considered in the prescription of fluoride supplementation for children with minimal fluoride in their

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00545.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify and evaluate the existing utility of rural oral health services after 20 yr of implementing the compulsory law of rural health services in Egypt. Six out of 26 governorates present in Egypt were selected. Ten rural health centers from each governorate were visited. A review from each center was performed about the demographic features of the village, the dental manpower and type and condition of dental equipment. The existing records of the dental treatment performed per year from July 1980 to June 1981 were recorded. The general findings revealed that only 31% of rural health centers of the selected governorates had dental facilities. The demand for dental treatments in these centers varied between the six governorates and ranged between 12% in Alexandria to 1 % in Dakahlia of the population. Most of the treatments performed were extractions (52.52%), while conservative treatments were minimal (0.85%). Prosthetic treatments were not available in these centers.

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00546.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterproximal bone levels were measured from orthopantograms of a consecutive group of 373 patients who had all their remaining teeth extracted in a dental teaching hospital. There was little periodontal destruction below the age of 40. In older patients (those aged 40 or over) 77% of the teeth had lost at least 25% of their supporting bone. 64% of the older patients had at least one tooth with advanced (more than 50%) bone loss. Only 15% of the patients had generalised advanced periodontal destruction (more than 50% of their teeth with advanced bone loss) at clearance. Men had more periodontal destruction than women. It was concluded that severe periodontal disease was limited to a small proportion of the patients in which it was a major factor in the loss of their dentition. However, in many cases it was doubtful whether the periodontal condition was of any consequence when the decision was taken to remove the remaining natural teeth.

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00547.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe consumption of oral health services among 4–16‐yr‐old children in Finland is described, including an analysis of heavy consumption. Data representative of all Finnish children were collected for 4518 children from municipal health centers and homes. The response rate was 85%. Children with orthodontic visits during the year were excluded from the analyses. Of the preschoolchildren 12% and of the school‐age children 4% did not use any oral health services during the studied year. Non‐users did not differ from the others in terms of socioeconomic status, distance to a health center or type of residential area. Public oral health services were used very unevenly. Half of the children consumed only one‐fifth of the services and the next one‐third used about one‐third of the services. The heavy consumers, about one‐fifth of the total, used as much as half of all the sendees. Among preschoolchildren, the heavy consumers were mainly from lower socioeconomic groups. In contrast, no clear predictive factors were found for heavy consumption among the schoolchildren. Heavy consumers had more both treated and untreated caries than the other children did. Their treatment was mainly restorative; at least half of them did not receive adequate preventive care. Finnish public oral health care clearly should make more efforts to ensure that heavy consumers of dental services

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00548.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies of school‐based mouthrinsing programs show variations in costs. In earlier work per subject costs in 14 programs were shown to increase with program size. Theoretical explanations for this finding, pertinent to these programs, include 1) wage differentials and 2) scale effects – differences in labor productivity attributable to organizational differences. To test the hypotheses implicit in these explanations a log‐linear model was specified with average costs (in constant dollars) expressed as a function of wages and scale. Data were pooled for two complete years, yielding 28 observations. Regression analysis showed that 68% of the variation in average costs was explained by wages and scale, and that with wages held constant, a 1.0% increase in program size correlated with a 0.33% increase in per subject costs. The result is attributable to decreasing labor productivity. The findings of diseconomies of scale in mouthrinse programs have potential implications for the planning and evaluation of community dental pro

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1980 the “Year against Periodontal Disease” was launched in Norway. The campaign was planned in two steps and aimed: 1) to improve the dentists’ professional skills and 2) to raise the awareness and knowledge about periodontal disease in the public. This paper deals with the evaluation of the first step: the dentist‐directed part of the campaign, during which the dentists were offered intensified continuing education and information from the Norwegian Dental Association. Afterwards, a simple preceded questionnaire was sent by mail to a sample (280) of the dentists, asking for their awareness about and attitudes towards the campaign, their participation in campaign activities and the impact of the campaign on their working routines. Of the 72% of the sample who answered, 98% were aware of the campaign, 53% reported changes in working routines and 49% had participated in upgrading courses. The age group 36–55 attended upgrading courses more frequently than younger and older colleagues. Course attendance, age, location of practice and two attitude dimensions, which emerged from factor analysis, were the most powerful variables in explaining changes in working

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLittle is known about the exchange of Dental Health Information (DHI), as part of the dental health education process, between the Dutch public, organizations active in or related to dentistry and Dutch dental professionals. Based on the ideas of Havelocka communication model was developed. The main question was: how and through which organizations is information supplied, on what subjects related to dental health? A group was formed, consisting of 182 organizations and institutions and 85% decided to collaborate with the study. Telephone interviews were used for the sampling of the data. Of the 154 organizations and institutions only 56% reported to be active in the field of DHI. Preventive information appears to be the main subject. Not the public, but dental professionals and other provider groups are seen as the main target groups. DHI activities appear to consist mainly of providing written information material with a preventive content. These activities are hardly evaluated. Further on: there seems to be no central coordination for DHI activities in the Netherlands. It is concluded that in the field of DHI activities the resource system (organizations and institutions who generate information) and the users system (the public and dental patients) are not in accordance with each other.

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to investigate the relationship between dental anxiety and some personality traits, a group of 103 patients suffering extreme dental anxiety and therefore enrolled in a special treatment program were compared with controls sampled at random. The mean scores of the controls on dental anxiety measurements and on questionnaires dealing with personality traits were transformed into 50 with standard deviation equal to 10 to make them mutually comparable, and these subsequently were used as reference points, from which the likewise transformed mean scores of the anxiety group have to differ substantially if both groups stem from different populations. The mean scores were tested for difference with ANOVA. It appears that the anxious patients are more neurotic, i.e. more unstable, than the controls. Moreover, the patients feel themselves more uncertain with regard to having control, are less decisive, have a lower self‐esteem, are less inclined to act and are, in general, anxious persons. These findings may have implications for selecting the most appropriate approach for amelioration of their anxiety or support of their coping capacit

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1988.tb00552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY