摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine yearly increments in exposure, cumulative exposure, and mean proportion of lifetime exposure to optimally fluoridated water supplies of Australian adolescents over the period 1960 to 1978 and to conditionally predict trends in those exposure measures from 1979 to 1990. The basis of the study was the history of the introduction of water fluoridation. Yearly increments were found to have been most varied, but cumulative exposure has continued to increase from a negligible level in 1960 to approximately two‐thirds of adolescents being exposed in 1978. Proportion of lifetime exposure was represented by a smooth sigmoidal curve with time‐lagging of successive curves for higher ages between 12 and 17‐yr‐old. Proportion of lifetime exposure was predicted to increase through to 1990 and 1996 for 12‐and 17‐yr‐olds, respectively. This prediction showed little sensitivity to yearly increment conditions from

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between fluoridation and socioeconomic status on caries experience, as measured by the dmf index, in 5‐yr‐old New Zealand children in the city of Dunedin (fluoridated in 1967) and in adjacent non‐fluoride communities. The children were subdivided into six socioeconomic status groups (SES 1, professional and managerial ‐ SES 6, unskilled workers), but then for simplicity they were combined to form three groups. A two‐way analysis of variance demonstrated that interaction between fluoride history and socioeconomic status was not significant. In all three SES groups, dmf was higher in non‐fluoride communities, but the difference was significant only in SES group (5&6) (P<0.01). Caries experience increased with decreasing socioeconomic status in both fluoride and non‐fluoride communities, but this effect was only significant between SES groups (1&2) and (3&4) in the fluoridated community (p<0.05), and between SES groups (3&4) and (5&6) in non‐fluoride communities (P<0.01). These results are compared with those of similar studies, and it is concluded that so far, the relationship between fluoridation and socioeconomic status on caries experience remains equivocal. A note of caution is sounded regarding the interpretation of such results, and the difficulties faced when comparing studi

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 3‐year clinical trial was carried out in France just after fluoride toothpaste was allowed to be sold on the mass market. The aim was to assess the caries preventive effect of a toothpaste containing the maximum fluoride level permitted by the EEC (1.2% SMFP). The trial started with 1318 10–12‐yr‐old children from a wide socioeconomic background in a typical French community. Test toothpaste was given to 659 children whereas the remaining 659 children obtained the same toothpaste without the fluoride additive. The brushing was unsupervised and performed by the children at home. Dental caries was assessed by clinical and radiographic examinations. 1061 children completed the trial. An interview carried out at the final examination identified a group of 116 uncooperative children (less than five brushings a week on average) who were not included in the statistical analysis. The following mean reductions were found: 26% for DMFT, 27% for DMFS, and 39% for DMFSU. The DMFS index for approximal, buccal‐lingual and occlusal surfaces showed caries reductions of 32%, 25%, and 22%, respectively. The trial demonstrated a highly significant effectiveness of the 1.2% SMFP toothpaste in a French p

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA cross‐sectional study of the non‐institutionalized population of the State of Iowa was completed in 1980. Persons were interviewed by telephone and a follow‐up dental examination was conducted in the home. Periodontal treatment needs were measured using the WHO‐621 Index of Periodontal Treatment Needs which has been modified and is now known as the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Findings were consistent with other recent studies, which have shown a relatively high proportion of gingival bleeding and calculus. Although moderate pocket formation (3–6 mm) occurs in approximately 30% of the adult population, complex treatment needs (pockets 6 mm or greater) occurred in only 1.3% of the population. While sex did not significantly affect the distribution of periodontal needs; age, recency of visit to the dentist and income are possible risk factors for serious periodonta

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to investigate the dental health of a group of parenteral drug addicts. The study population comprised 134 persons with a mean age of 25 yr (min. 18, max. 37) examined in 1977‐81. Mean DMFT was 18.3 and mean DMFS was 50.2, approximately twice as much as found in comparable age groups in Denmark. Even free smooth surfaces were often involved. The oral hygiene was measured by the use of the Visible Plaque Index (VPI) and the Bleeding Index (BI). Both indices were high, mean VPI = 77.4 and mean BI = 71.3. 12–40% of the teeth selected had a loss of periodontal attachment of more than 4 mm. It is suggested that not only drug abuse, but also factors like low social status, low education and different barriers towards receiving dental treatment should be considered in a multifactorial cause‐effect relationship. The effect of offering a free dental care system for this high‐risk group will be dealt with in anothe

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study describes the experiences and results of the first 5‐year period of a municipal dental clinic offering free dental care to drug addicts. One of the many problems was the instability of this socially deprived group whose erratic life style made it impossible to maintain regular dental care. The DMFS level of the drug addicts was 50.2 and mean caries increment per yr was 2.5 (1.3 new surfaces and 1.2 surfaces with recurrent decay). The caries increments among the present drug abusers and the individuals on methadone maintenance were higher than among the previous drug addicts, 3.1 and 1.3 surfaces per yr respectively, but this difference was not statistically significant. Only slight improvement in oral hygiene (VPI) could be demonstrated whereas gingivitis (BI) remained unaltered. Traumatic injuries of the orofacial region were frequent. The mean time expenditure concerning dental treatment was 5 hr per individual in the initial treatment phase but decreased to 1–2 h per individual per yr. Broken appointments and last minute cancellations were as a rule related to drug/alcohol abuse. The mean number of fillings was 8.2 per individual in the initial treatment phase and 1.7 per yr for individuals in a maintenance phase. The poor dental health of the drug addicts seems closely related to their life style habits and the clue to an improvement would probably follow the cure of the drug abuse and a concurrent resocializat

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the economic costs of school‐based mouthrinsing in the demonstration programs. Costs for two complete years were expressed in 1978 dollars, and divided into explicit and implicit categories. Costs per participant were found to vary among programs (ranges of average total costs ‐ period I: $2.35‐$8.05, period II: $1.46‐$7.94), and a tendency for some average costs to increase with size was identified. That costs were higher than the conventionally reported $0.50‐$1.00 reflects 1) the organization of these federally funded programs and, 2) the use of an accounting method which describes the real economic costs of public

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn investigation was conducted to establish the dental status of 368 elderly patients in two geriatric hospitals in Limerick, Ireland, in terms of denture status and the number of teeth present. Seventy eight percent of those examined were edentulous, but only 27% of edentulous patients were wearing maxillary and mandibular dentures. A further 18% wore a maxillary denture only, 21% had dentures made but no longer wore them, and 33% had never had dentures. Forty‐four patients had some maxillary and mandibular teeth present and 20 of these had sufficient teeth for masticatory purposes. Very few patients, edentulous or dentate, complained of any problems, although 27 were felt to require extraction of one or more teet

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe DMFT index is one of the simplest and most commonly used indices in epidemiologic surveys of dental caries. It quantifies dental health status based on the number of carious, missing and filled teeth. The index, however, does not provide an accurate description of previous dental care. Nor does it provide information regarding the severity of the carious attack or the indicated treatment. Thus, a revision of the DMFT index was developed. This involved a division of the “D” component into four separate categories. With the addition of these categories, the index remains simple, and yet provides a description of one's previous dental experience. It further shows the extent of dental services needed by the population, which can be interpreted in terms of treatment hours and costs. This modified index has been successfully utilized in a dental epidemiologic survey of 1672 schoolchildren, 14–16 yr of age. It was apparent that the additional components provided significant data for treatment planning as well as dental health s

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a house‐to‐house survey in Ernakulam district, Kerala State, 10914 individuals were interviewed for their tobacco and alcohol habits and examined for the presence of oral leukoplakia. Very few females (1.6%) were found to be alcohol users and they were excluded from further analysis. Among 7604 males, 30.4% used alcohol regularly, 25.4% occasionally and 44.2% were non‐users. The prevalence of leukoplakia was significantly higher among regular (5.7%) and occasional (3.9%) users than among non‐users (2.9%) of alcohol. Alcohol usage was found to be related to age as well as tobacco habits. The prevalence of leukoplakia was higher among alcohol users in each age‐group as well as in each tobacco habit category. After age‐adjustment the difference between alcohol users and non‐users, although reduced, remained significant. For most tobacco habit categories the trend remained similar after age‐adjustment except for the mixed habits group, for which there was a reversal of the trend. The alcohol habit may, perhaps, produce discernible effects only in association with other ‘weak’ etiological risk factors, such as a single tobacco habit of smoking or chewing rather than a ‘strong’ etiologic factor such as the mixed habits

ISSN:0301-5661    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY