ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe political redistricting problem can be viewed as one of dividing an area into relatively equally populated districts which are compact and contiguous, while preserving existing political and community ties, and providing proportional representation for minorities. Several disciplines have contributed to the literature of political redistricting theory and practice. This paper reviews that subset of the literature which deals with methods for creating districting plans. Emphasis is placed on the demographic, geographic and political criteria used in districting, and on the methodological features of computer districting algorithms.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecent papers show a renewed interest in the analusis of trade‐offs and of substitution effects in freight transport between truck and rail modes in order to reduce air and noise pollution as well as oil consumption. The inter‐model substitution effects are of particularly interest in the Italian peninsula where geographical and geological factors create a natural impedance to the movement of goods between regions. In this paper, we analyze the current situation in Italy, evaluate the possibility of a consistent switch to the rail system and compute the relevant substitution and demand elasticities. Regions and productive sectors that benefit from an increased efficiency in transportation are identif

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to explore the nature and development of nonmaterial networks within establishments across the entire manufacturing sector in Japan. We generate coproduction indexes for different commodities in the Japanese economy, which enable us to recognize three types of nonmaterial linkages: technical, market and vertical. Predictably, the level of nonmaterial linkages is greater in more knowledge intensive industries. We observe that the evolution of these networks in the decade 1975 85 among the different manufacturing sectors parallels the evolution of the knowledge levels in the Japanese labor force towards higher levels of embodied knowledge.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1995.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY