摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper a paradigm of the dynamics of long term regional structural change is outlined. It is claimed that the interdependency between slowly improving network infrastructures and quickly changing nodal production capacity will give rise in general to rapid structural change at critical phases of evolution – points of revolution. The proposed approach can also explain the slow degradation and collapse of logistical (or trade, transport, and information) systems which occurred regularly in ancient historical time. The approach is used for a discussion of the economic history of the North Atlantic region since the eleventh century and for a concluding discussion of current economic structural chang

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper uses an evolutionary simulation model of technical and locational adjustment to refine concepts of labor‐ and output‐market segmentation within an industry. The simulation model focuses on differences among establishments arising from different strategic orientations. In particular, there are significant differences in establishments' likelihoods of relocation within a heterogeneous landscape. Empirically testable hypotheses are suggested for subsequent analyses of intraindustry evolution and local impa

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTReduced growth rates and accelerated structural change of the world economy since the 1970s have led to a shift in emphasis from growth‐oriented to innovation‐oriented regional policy in many countries. A question of increasing relevance for regional analysis and regional policy in this connection is the identification of the factors (locational or other) which determine the spatial distribution of innovations for regional development. After reviewing some previous analyses of the location factors relevant for the emergence of high technology industries, this paper proposes the hypothesis that the ambiguous and often contradictory results of these earlier studies are because most of them test unicausal, linear relationships and neglect the synergetic interaction between various determinants of innovation. Three empirical case studies of “regional innovation complexes” in peripheral areas, consisting mainly of synergetic regional interaction systems, are presented. They illustrate three different types of social organization: a cooperative type, a private‐sector type, and a mixed, “third‐sector” type. These case studies show that innovation can emerge not only in core but also in peripheral areas if the basic elements of synergetic regional interaction

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTExpectations of the future are of great importance for many economic theories. While expected values of economic variables are typically unobservable, expectations of house‐price changes can be inferred from data on the space‐rental value of dwellings and its other determinants. This paper first discusses the behavior of expected changes in house prices so estimated. The formation of these expectations is then examined. The hypothesis of adaptive expectations is found to explain the data quite well. The rational expectations hypothesis, however, does very poo

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper shows how information on changes in the structure of national interindustry and final demand deliveries may be used to update interregional input‐output tables, whereas such information cannot be used adequately to update single‐region tables. Empirical tests on three Dutch interregional tables are performed. We assess the impact of aggregation and the effects of neglecting information on national cells and we compare updating the intraregional parts of the tables separately to updating them as part of the interregional table to which they belong. We conclude that the higher initial cost of constructing interregional tables partly pays off in the form of lower updating cost and greater reliability of the updated interregional tables as compared with single‐region t

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA reformulation of the input‐output model by the introduction of the dynamics of interindustry production leads to the Sequential Interindustry Model, SIM. Focusing on current production, in this paper an enhanced formulation of SIM is presented by the introduction of time‐phased production and by an initial introduction of capacity and inventory. These enable some simple examinations of the relations between transient capacity limitations and inventory management and between the former and time‐phased production. The ensuing alternative repercussions on industry‐production paths are presented, and some implications for the modeling of national and regional economics are su

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00983.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe flow along each link in a generalized network is amplified or attenuated by some constant factor during the course of its traversal of the link. It is shown that the equilibrium solution can be found by employing a well‐known extremal principle, originally due to P. A. Samuelson. When the attenuation factor along each link is random, the Kirchhoff node conditions can no longer be satisfied with certainty, but may be replaced by a chance constraint. The extremal principle can be employed again, and this time lakes the form of a chance‐constrained nonlinear program. The solution involves the existence of an optimal buffer stock at each n

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00984.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHub and spoke networks imply a tradeoff between congestion and service levels, and are important to understanding the nature of the contemporary airline industry. Further, the hub and spoke network is emerging as the central component of airline network planning and since such a strategy promises to channel a greater proportion of flights to a smaller number of major airports, it follows that the potential for air system congestion will continue to rise. In this paper, the relationship between hub and spoke networks and congestion is analyzed.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00985.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the implications of adding wage uncertainty to a two‐region, general equilibrium model of production. In particular, the effects of parametric changes in factor endowments and commodity prices upon regional factor intensities, regional resource allocation, regional outputs, and real factor rewards are delineated. A major role is played by the ranking of stochastic factor intensities measured in value terms as well as by the ranking of deterministic factor intensities measured in physical terms. Only the physical intensity term typically appears in models of this nature; thus, wage uncertainty represents an extension of the traditional mode

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00986.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to determine the impact of changes in the parameters measuring economies of scale in production on metropolitan growth. The degree of spatial concentration of sectoral economic activity and patterns of trade between two metropolitan areas are explained with a two‐sector model borrowed from the international trade literature. It is shown that sectoral production will become more concentrated as the importance of intrasectoral economics of scale relative to intersectoral scale economics increases. An increase in the relative size of intrasectoral business agglomeration economics will not necessarily lead to complete specialisation by either metropolitan are

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1986.tb00987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY