摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper is the text of a speech delivered to the opening session of the Twenty‐Eighth European Congress of the Regional Science Association in Stockholm in August 1988. It reflects on an earlier address (Hägerstrand 1970) in the light of numerous comments and criticisms made during the interim peri

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGravity models of the constrained, unconstrained and elastically constrained type are interpreted as reduced forms of spatial price equilibrium of interregional trade. The explicit forms of equilibrium models reducing to the different varieties of gravity models are presented. They are theoretically consistent in the sense that the underlying demand and supply functions are compatible with individual optimising behaviour. Forms other than the gravity type, however, are consistent as well. No choice can be made by mere theoretical arguments. But additional criteria like computational facility and factual conformity provide good reasons for preferring gravity forms in applied work.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAssessing the employment effects of changes in transport infrastructure, such as the construction of the Channel Tunnel or high‐speed rail connections, is not an easy task. The gravity model is sometimes used to analyse changes in the potentials of the regions concerned. One step further would he the translation of changes in potentials into changes in employment per region. This paper will he devoted to analysing some properties and limitations of such a translation process. Special attention is paid to an operational model developed by Evers et al. (1987) for this purpose. It is shown that this model is “almost” consistent with the theory of locational behaviour of

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe ORION model allows for a simultaneous allocation of the various activities in city or region, while contacts and conflicts between activities and the attractiveness of the terrain are taken into account. The measures of the quality of allocations are the costs of contacts, conflicts and unsuitability with regard lo the attractiveness of the terrain. A dynamic version of the model is also presented. The contacts are simulated by means of theintervening opportunitiesmodel. It is also possible to introduce planners' preferences which result from, for example, aesthetic or political reasons. Finally, an application to forecasting the development of Cracow is presented.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA network design problem solves for link improvements or additions to an existing transportation network provided that a certain objective function such as social welfare is maximised. In addition, an equilibrium network design problem specifically requires each link to have user equilibrium flows.In this paper, two equilibrium transportation network design problems are formulated in a nonlinear bilevel programming framework; one with a budget constraint and one without. A bilevel programming formulation allows explicit consideration of the interaction between the public sector which supplies transportation facilities and the private sector which uses the given facilities. This paper presents a descent‐type algorithm to solve an equilibrium network design problem formulated in the nonlinear bilevel programming model for Korea. Numerical analysis using network data for a simplified Korean highway system is reporte

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper a paradigm for the dynamics of long‐run structural change in specialised and relatively nondiversitied regions is presented. My claim is that the present deterioration in economic performance of these regions results from the limits of the model of industrial development that casts interregional transportation in the lead role. I argue that improved relative efficiency in interregional transportation may result in prohibitively high transportation costs in the long run, due to the absence of intermodal competition in the transport sector, the prevalence of highly specialised operations and an investment bias towards the original export sector. This will inhibit and indefinitely delay an economy's potential for a take off from a “vinous circle” and a boom and bust development. I outline further a conceptual approach to treating transportation costs and regional change by raising regional resource mobility via coordinated investments in intraregional transport

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe authors analyse the evolution of the planned economy systems modelling concept and stress attention to the problem of coordinating regional and national economic planning decisions. A review is made of the employment of multiregional models and the characteristics of the new research project SYRENA which combines the development and application of various model lyrics. In the section devoted to intraregional modelling a brief description is made about the experience of employing econometric models (those of territorial‐production complexes (TPC)) and of intraregional location of production. Results arc cited for the joint optimisation of the location of industry, agriculture and water resources, and settlemen

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSeveral radiological and industrial incidents which occurred during the lust decade refocussed the attention of various authorities to evacuation preparedness and consequently, elaborate network simulation models have been developed. The modellers, however, recognise that critical variables relating to behaviorual aspects of the evacuees are still missing. This study presents a microlevel simulation model for radiological evacuation which incorporates such behavioural input. Using the SLAM II language to develop a network algorithm, the model estimates network clearance lime for two scenarios — early evening and late night, and the role of the behavioural data is examined. The model can he used to lest traffic management schemes for emergency evacuations much more realistically than the purely engineering‐type mod

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIssues surrounding the financial benefits of owner occupation and how these are related to a variety of socioeconomic and geographical factors are examined through the development of a microsimulation model of the U.K. housing market. Of particular interest are the ways in which different government subsidies accrue to different types of households over time. The model has been implemented for two U.K. regions and simulations performed over a ten year historic period. Results showing the wide variation in household experience are presented.

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with markets where inherently discrete goods are offered, for example, housing, work‐places or modes of transportation, Consumer choice behaviour may be modelled by the additive random utility, or the generalised Thurstone, model. In this setting we discuss the usefulness and analytical tractability (existence and uniqueness) of some types of stochastic equilibriu

ISSN:1056-8190    

DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY