摘要:

An experimental study of the distribution of arrival time of energetic hadrons relative to associated air shower particles has been made at a mountain altitude of 730 g.cm−2. Monte Carlo simulations of the expermental observations have shown that these observations are sensitive to the composition of primary cosmic rays of energies 1013–1015eV. The energy spectra of primary protons and iron group nuclei required to understand these observations are (dN/dE)protons=1.5×104 E−2.71±0.06m−2sr−1sec−1Gev−1(dN/dE)Fegroup=1.27 E−2.36±0.06m−2sr−2sec−1Gev−1respectively, where E is energy per nucleon, indicating that iron group nuclei are the dominant component of primary cosmic rays at air shower energies of 1014–1016eV.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31617

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An experiment is going on at Mt. Chacaltaya in Bolivia (550 gcm−2atmospheric depth) to observe arrival‐time distributions of muons and electrons in air showers above 1017 eV to study the early stage of longitudinal development related directly with the character of nuclear interactions and the composition of primary cosmic rays at these high energies. The preliminary results are presented at the Seminar.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31608

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An air shower (EAS) observation system was used with an emulsion chamber, and the correlation between &ggr;‐ray bundles and EAS was studied. It was found that nearly 100% of &ggr;‐ray bundles are accompanied by EAS and about 90% of large EAS with sizes larger than 106have &ggr;‐ray bundles in their cores. In this experiment a widely separated double core EAS was observed and the Ptof the subcore was found to be very high, &angupr;100 GeV/c.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31615

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

21 &ggr;‐ray bundles (E&ggr;?1 TeV,n&ggr;?2 and the total is 64 &ggr; rays) with air shower data were analyzed and their lateral andREdistributions were made. It was found that the lateral spread of the &ggr;‐ray bundles from the air shower axis is much greater than their own spread. By a comparison of the twoREdistributions, in which the distance of a &ggr; ray is measured from the air shower axis and from the bundle’s energy flow center, <PTF≳?2.3±1.10.7GeV/cwas given as a mean transverse momentum of ’’fireball’’ generating the bundles with the help of theoreticalREformula or of simulation results. The result <&rgr;T&pgr;0≳?0.57±0.180.09 GeV/c(at 50&angupr;200 TeV), with respect to collision axis, of parent neutral pions of bundle’s &ggr; rays keeps up the increase of <pT&pgr;0≳ with collision energies above 10 TeV.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31620

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Multicore type EAS was observed by 54 m2spark chamber at Mt. Norikura (740 g/ cm2). As a preliminary result, it was found that abundance of multicored EAS is higher and distribution of separation between main and subcoes are wider than the results of other groups.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31626

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The general problem is outlined. The current status of analysis of the Leeds spark chamber observations is given. Comparison is made with the results of other groups.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31628

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Within a few years colliding beam accelerators will produce information on particle interactions at energies that overlap lower energy extgensive air showers (EAS). Input of the pending accelerator data will permit accurate model calculations, which can be compared directly with EAS measurements. This should allow disentanglement of particle physics from the primary composition. High quality EAS measurements could then be interpreted i in terms of the primary mass around 1015eV. At &angupr;1016–1018eV the primary objective would be to study particle physics in a regime not accessible to tghe ext generation of accelerators. A national facility equipped for measuring individual shower profiles in the atmosphere and, simultaneously, the hadron, electron, and muon components at ground level would provide the EAS data.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31636

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Technical aspects of small emulsion chamber are discussed. Emulsion chamber is a detector which consists of nuclear emulsion plates and other light or heavy material plates. While a pure emulsion stack is likened to a micro bubble chamber, it could be compared to a complex counter detector assembly with super high spatial resolving power. It is possible to measure particle momenta by relative scattering method and trace back &ggr; ray cascades to vertices a few centimeters away. Charged secondary tracks could be examined for sudden changes in direction several centimeters from production vertices. ’’Invention’’ of the emulsion chamber enabled one to extend the power of pure emulsions to study very high energy interactions to tens of TeV, and it opend a new windnow for search of short‐lived particles.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31640

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The materials, construction and analysis techniques used in small emulsion chambers for airplane or balloon‐flight cosmic ray experiments are described.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31643

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The thermoacoustic wave generated by a sudden deposition of heat in a fluid is derived in a simple way from the fundamental laws of physics. The expression for the acoustic signal‐to‐noise ratio relative to thermal vibrations from a typical electromagnetic cascade is then developed. The signal‐to‐noise atios of several materials are compared; liquid argon appears to be one of the most promising liquids. Observation of air shower cores in a high altitude lake and cascades in an emulsion chamber are discussed as possible applications of acoustic detection.

ISSN:0094-243X    

DOI:10.1063/1.31644

出版商:AIP    

年代:1979

数据来源: AIP