摘要:

The challenges and opportunities in production and operations management (POM) are almost unlimited because in the world economy, manufacturing andservice operations account for more than 10 trillion dollars per year and in any single industry, the performance varies widely from country to country and from organization to organization. The goal ofProduction and Operations Managementis to contribute to improving the management of manufacturing and service operations all over the world. The editors and reviewers judge the papers published in the journal for their contribution to improving of business practices and to further closeness between research and practice. The journal will publish high quality papers on a broad range of topics in POM, and it encourages all paradigms, old and new. We also invite managers from around the world to describe specific POM problems that provide challenging opportunities for academic research.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite the attention given to restructuring and trimming down manufacturing firms during the 198Os, little attention has been paid to the mix of skills they needed under different circumstances. We examined the patterns of employment by occupation in manufacturing industries utilizing different production technologies and the effect of establishment size on nonproduction employment.We found that a relationship exists between production technology and nonproduction employment per 100 production workers. Establishment size is found to be a moderator between nonproduction employment and production technology. Our findings imply two clear messages for managers. First, when considering major changes in production technology, managers should be aware that the supporting skills they will need from their nonproduction work force are likely to change greatly. Further, these changes involve technical and managerial workers as well as clerical and production support people. Second, they should restructure the functional or occupational mix of an organization in the context of the process technologies in place. Different process technologies require different structures.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To plan and schedule the repair shops for recoverable parts at Deutsche Lufthansa AC, we designed a hierarchical model consisting of two levels. The top level calculates the optimal number of parts in the system to guarantee a certain service level while minimizing the capital tied up in parts. Given this provision, the lower level schedules the repair of parts so that the service level is actually maintained. Using queuing theory, the solution gives special attention to the different hierarchical dependencies. Lufthansa has implemented the model for its repair shops of electronic parts. Their experience with the model is discussed briefly.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We introduce a general approach to the coordination and control of material and information flow in multiple cell manufacturing systems. This approach uses production authorization cards (called PAC system) and generalizes such well‐known approaches as MRP (material requirements planning), KANBAN (japanese card system), OPT (optimized production technology), BSS (base. stock system), IC (integral control), CONWIP (constant work‐in‐process), and others. It provides a framework for developing coordination and control mechanisms that combine the desirable features of more than one of these traditional approaches. The coordination is achieved by the rules that determine when and how material and information flow through the system and by the appropriate choice of the parameters of these rules. We also discuss various models of the PAC system that can be used to gain insight into the impact of the choices of the parameters. Directions for future research in this area is also out

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the use of questionnaire data from owners, presidents, CEOs, and chairmen of boards and a logistic regression approach, we analyzed the manufacturing strategies of 64 new‐venture firms in the computer and communications equipment manufacturing industries. We found statistically significant differences in manufacturing posture as a function of whether the new venture was corporate‐sponsored or independent (i.e., new venture origin).The findings suggest that independent firms attack the market with superior product quality with the use of technology in the public domain. They offer a narrow range of products directed to a few large customers and do not make developing new products a primary issue. In contrast, corporate‐sponsored tirms are less concerned with superior product quality but emphasize patented technology and new product development. They provide a broader range of products and service smaller customer o

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Logistics Management System (LMS) is a real‐time transaction‐based system combining decision technologies from AI, MS/OR, and decision support system that serves very successfully as a dispatcher or short‐interval scheduler by monitoring and controlling the manufacturing flow of IBM's semiconductor facility near Burlington, Vermont. LMS coordinates the actions and decisions of several logically isolated participants in a serially dependent system of activities. Therefore, it balances the requirements of several goals (cycle time, output, serviceability, and inventory management) that compete for the same resource, exploits emerging opportunities on the manufacturing floor, and reduces the distortion from unplanned events. This paper provides an overview of the LMS application, the concept of interrelated decision tiers in manufacturing decision making, and the need for the dispatch decision tier to successfully reduce apparent randomness. Historically, production and operations management has ignored this decision tier. This has significantly limited our ability to make an impact on the performance of the manufacturing oper

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We formulate a general sequencing problem that includes two classes of jobs with setup times, setup costs, holding costs, and deadlines. The formulation is unique in its explicit recognition of the opportunities to exploit productive capacity increases due to batching. An algorithm based on tabu search is then used as a solution method. Computational results are presented that suggest that the algorithm is effective.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As the world moves toward a global economy, it is increasingly important that operations management courses prepare students to address globalization issues. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the dialog concerning how international topics are best incorporated into operations management curricula. On the basis of the results of a survey of operations management academicians worldwide, current course offerings are cataloged and topic areas critical to the globalization of operations are identified. Four major reasons for studying international operations management are proposed, which provide the basis for recommendations on how international topics can be introduced into established operations courses and for the design of an elective course in global operations. Finally, teaching materials relevant to international operations are surveyed.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our understanding of quality has undergone great changes over the last decade, propelled forward by the quality paradigm that has evolved in Japan. This paradigm has rendered obsolete the traditional quality‐cost trade off model. I outline the key elements responsible for forcing a new understanding of quality‐cost relationsh

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This letter is from the chairmen of American Express, Ford, IBM, Motorola, Proctor&Gamble, and Xerox. These companies sponsor Total Quality Forum, an annual gathering to discuss total quality management.

ISSN:1059-1478    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY