摘要:

Alzheimer wrote this paper in 1902 as a review of previous clinical and neuropathologic work. He had himself contributed several original papers of seminal importance about various aspects of cerebrovascular disease. This abbreviated translation concentrates on the clinical parts of his paper in which he characterized and distinguished different subtypes of vascular dementia: post-stroke dementia, mild 'subclinical' cerebral arteriosclerosis, severe progressive arteriosclerotic brain degeneration, Binswanger's encephalitis subcorticalis chronica, peri vascular gliosis, and mixed forms of degenerative brain disease. Some of his clinical characterizations foreshadowed modern diagnostic criteria and standards of classification.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To investigate the possibility that a subgroup of schizophrenics suffer from an aphasic-like disturbance of language functioning, ten operationally-defined schizophrenics with speech disorder, as assessed with a modified version of the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication, were compared with ten fluent aphasic patients on a battery of language tasks. The contribution of nonlinguistic factors to schizophrenic language performance was also investigated, by obtaining measures of intelligence, medication use, and severity and type of psychopathology. The speech-disordered schizophrenics did not differ from fluent aphasic patients on measures of naming, auditory comprehension, repetition ability, spontaneous speech, and general intellectual functioning. Correlational analyses revealed that intelligence, medication use, and negative symptoms were strongly associated with language performance in the schizophrenics, whereas positive symptoms were not. Intelligence was also strongly associated with language performance in the aphasic sample. These results provide evidence that the unusual utterances of some schizophrenics may be due to a disturbance of language rather than of thought.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Paroxysmal affective, psychomotor, and psychosensory symptoms are frequently associated with partial seizures, as are some relatively permanent personality traits. These features are also observed in schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, and some anxiety disorders. Further study of these phenomena may provide information about pathophysiological processes putatively shared by some psychiatric and epileptic patients. However, there is no reliable instrument for assessing the presence of psychomotor and psychosensory symptoms in psychiatric patients. We report the development of such an instrument, the Profile of Psychomotor Symptoms (POPS), which includes four subscales (Disturbances of Perception, Affect and Mood, Thought Content, and Behavior) and which assesses the current or historical presence of 41 phenomena often described in patients with psychomotor seizures. Of the 82 items assessed, 75 had a mean weighted kappa greater than 0.6, and 14 of these had a mean weighted kappa greater than 0.9. Thus, the POPS items can be assessed with good reliability and internal consistency. Further studies are needed to refine this instrument, establish its psychometric structure, and determine its validity and usefulness.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present experiment investigated hemispheric processing in 59 normal subjects who were induced, using a combination of imagery and music, into either a depressed or neutral mood. The induction procedures increased sadness and decreased happiness for subjects in the depressed, but not the neutral mood condition. On a digit-matching task subjects induced into a depressed mood exhibited poorer performance than subjects induced into a neutral mood on right- but not left-hemisphere trials. Furthermore, the pattern of results obtained make it unlikely that the deficits observed on right-hemisphere trials are a consequence of an attentional bias toward material in right hemispace.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this study we examined the ability of 34 patients who had sustained closed head injury (CHI) of varying severity to reproduce and estimate brief time intervals (5–15 s). Forward digit span was administered to measure attention span. While CHI patients did not differ from control subjects with respect to digit span or 5-, 10-, and 15-s time reproductions, the pattern of performance differed between the groups. Digit span was correlated with 5− and 10-s reproductions in the CHI subjects. CHI patients with better performance on digit span tended to un-derreproduce brief time intervals, suggesting that they perceived time as passing more quickly, while those with poorer digit spans tended to overreproduce time intervals. Orientation level was related to performance on the 15-s reproductions, with disoriented CHI patients significantly under-reproducing the longest interval. In contrast, severity of injury or site of mass lesions was not related to accuracy of reproducing temporal durations. Attention span was not associated with accuracy of time estimation in the control group. We conclude that disoriented CHI patients can utilize their immediate “working” memory to make brief duration judgments, but that they will increasingly underestimate time passage as the intervals become longer and exceed their immediate memory capacity.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Frontal lobe lesions may play an integral role in cognitive impairments associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Executive function impairments, traditionally linked to frontal lobe lesions, are common neuropsychological deficits in MS. We found that executive functions were related to left frontal lesions, and to the total brain lesion area. This pattern suggests that left frontal lesions and/or disruption of the pathways to the left frontal lobe have a role in these disturbances in MS.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was measured among 17 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) utilizing stable xenon contrasted computed tomography-cerebral blood flow (Xe CT-CBF). Results were compared with 17 elderly neurologically normal controls. In patients with SDAT, LCBF values were decreased symmetrically in cerebral cortex and subcortical structures. LCBF reductions were most marked in cerebral cortex (-25.7%) with lesser reductions in subcortical gray (-15.8%) and white matter (-16.3%). Fronto-temporal cortical regions showed greatest LCBF reductions. Linear discriminant function analysis of LCBF values separated patients with SDAT from elderly normal volunteers, with an error of 8.8%. Variables helpful in discriminating SDAT patients from normal volunteers were LCBF values for frontal and temporal cortex. Multiple regression equation for predicting cognitive performance scores from LCBF values showed best correlations with LCBF values for frontal and occipital cortex and thalamus.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The initial onset of Huntington's disease (HD) is usually insidious, and early diagnosis is therefore difficult, particularly in the clinical setting of younger, at-risk family members who present with behavioral or psychiatric symptoms. We describe the use of high-resolution eye movement recording techniques in the early diagnosis of HD in a 18-year-old, at-risk female presenting with behavioral abnormalities, in the absence of choreiform movement disorder or cognitive disturbance. Horizontal and vertical peak saccadic velocities were significantly slowed, initial saccades were frequently hypometric. and there was increased distractibility and impaired ability to perform antisaccades. These findings suggest that high-resolution eye movement recording may be a useful clinical and research tool in the early assessment of subjects at risk for HD.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 59-year-old woman developed episodes of right facial and arm movements. Investigations revealed a right frontotemporal tumor. Three years later she developed unusual spontaneous psychomotor symptoms and bizarre behavior which could be induced and terminated by suggestion. Neuropsychological and electroencephalogram studies showed right frontotemporal dysfunction, but no epileptiform activity. Previous psychiatric history was unremarkable. We propose that this unusual constellation of symptoms was induced by a combination of primary effects of the tumor and a secondary psychological reaction.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 39-year-old woman presented with psychiatric signs and symptoms of major depression. After psychiatric hospitalization for 2 months, she developed neurologic signs. A magnetic resonance image showed dilated ventricles and a craniopharyngioma compressing the midbrain area. Neurosurgical drainage of the cyst resulted in immediate remission of all major depressive features. The revised diagnosis was that of organic mood disorder, depressive type. There have been no symptoms of depression in over 18 months follow-up.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID