摘要:

Summary:Gabriel Anton (1858–1933) wrote extensively about frontal lobe disease, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and numerous other neuropsychiatric disorders. Anton described hepatolenticular degeneration 4 years before Wilson, but he has become best known for his reports on patients who were unaware of severe neurological impairment caused by focal brain disease. After a brief biographical note, we review the early history of “Anton's symptom,” a term first used in 1918. The clinical and neuropathological findings of Anton's cases published in 1893, 1896, 1898, and 1899(3, 17–19, 27) are summarized. His paper “On focal diseases of the brain which are not perceived by the patient” (1898) gives a concise presentation of his evidence and thought. An unabridged translation follows. NNBN 6:1–8, 1993

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Five patients with Wernicke aphasia are presented who had sufficient and rapid enough recovery of language functions so that they were able to provide detailed introspections regarding their experiences when aphasic. Based on their introspections, clinical interactions with the patients during their illness and emerging concepts regarding the neurology of affect and emotions, a possible neurology is offered to explain why certain behaviors may occur with Wernicke aphasia, in particular acute agitation, unawareness of deficit and fluctuations in comprehension. Also, a behavioral strategy is outlined for managing agitation that does not rely on pharmacological intervention with neuroleptics or physical restraints.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:There is a high prevalence of psychiatric syndromes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Schizophrenic, personality, and depressive syndromes are most commonly reported to affect patients with this condition. In this paper we present results from a retrospective chart review that show a higher than expected rate of mania in patients with TLE. These are contrasted with results of a literature review, which confirm that previous reports of mania in these patients are few. The implications of these results with regard to the assessment and treatment of psychiatric syndromes affecting patients with TLE are discussed.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Accumulating evidence suggests that basal ganglia dysfunction is related to obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS). However, conflicting findings have been reported regarding the lateralization of this dysfunction. We administered the Leyton Obsessional Inventory to examine the relationship between OCS and lateralization of motor symptoms in 30 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Severity of left-, but not right-sided motor symptoms was a reliable predictor of overall severity of OCS. Specifically, highly significant correlations were noted between severity of motor symptoms on the left side of the body and higher degree of overconscientiousness, repetition, disturbing thoughts, and obsessions with cleanliness. Only the order/routine Leyton subscale correlated with right-sided motor symptoms. These findings suggest that OCS in PD may reflect relatively greater dopamine deficiency in right basal ganglia.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The frequency of depression is increased in Parkinson's disease. Similar cognitive changes were reported in depressed patients and in parkinsonian patients. We compared memory, language generation, set shifting, and visual spatial abilities in parkinsonian patients with depression, parkinsonian patients without depression, depressed patients and normal elderly. Severity of depression and of motor impairment were comparable in the appropriate comparison groups.Parkinsonian patients with depression were significantly worse than the others on delayed recall of objects, in ability to use cues to establish a consistent recall strategy, and in shifting cognitive set. Results suggest that depressed parkinsonian patients have more severe frontal cognitive dysfunction than nondepressed parkinsonian and depressed patients. The impaired performance of the parkinsonian patients with depression may not result from depression per se, but may result from involvement of additional neural systems.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Deep white matter hyperintensity signals (HI) on magnetic resonance scanning have been reported in normal individuals, especially with age, and have been thought to be clinically insignificant. In contrast, we have found that healthy, young (mean age = 35.2 years) men with HI appear to have a significantly lower attention capacity than a sex- and age-matched control group without HI; healthy, young women with and without HI failed to differ from one another in neuropsychological performance. The findings suggest that hyperintensity signals in men may be associated with subtle neurobehavioral impairment that is only revealed under high demand conditions.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Anosognosia is the denial of deficits usually found among patients with right parietal lesions. It has been suggested that cognitive impairments, such as memory deficits, play an important role in the production of anosognosia. We compared eight patients with anosognosia and eight patients without anosognosia matched for lesion side. While patients with anosognosia had significantly more deficits in frontal lobe-related tasks, no significant between-group differences were found in memory tasks. We conclude that frontal-lobe dysfunction, but not memory impairments, may play an important role in the production of anosognosia.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:A case of bilateral medial frontal cortex destruction in a 23-year-old, right-handed male is described. Deficits 5 years later included bilateral alien hand signs, transcortical motor aphasia, apraxia, flattened affect and loss of affective facial expression. These symptoms were attributed to bilateral dysfunction of the supplementary motor areas and associated structures. Dysfunction of the left supplementary motor area was considered responsible for transcortical motor aphasia, apraxia, and the right alien hand sign, while dysfunction of the right supplementary motor area was considered responsible for the loss of affective facial expression and the left alien hand sign. These symptoms are often transient following unilateral damage. The alien hand movements were groping reactions to novel stimuli within the reach and vision of the patient and were conceptualized as reactive movements, dissociated from internally generated goals and “driven” by environmental changes.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Patient GY was tested on a cued target detection response time task in six sessions over a period of a year and a half following a right sub-cortical cerebrovascular accident (CVA). In the initial sessions, over a period of 2 months, GY showed a marked asymmetry in speed of target detection in the two visual fields. The asymmetry was significant even when standard clinical assessment showed no clinical evidence of visual neglect or extinction, demonstrating the greater sensitivity of the response time measure. Of particular interest is the fluctuation in the degree of left-right asymmetry across testing sessions.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The historical associations of neuropsychiatry and behavioural neurology are explored. It is suggested that Hughlings Jackson and Wernicke were nineteenth century writers whose thinking adumbrated them, respectively. Differences in the approach of these two disciplines to brain behaviour relationships are discussed, with special reference to the interictal behaviour syndromes of epilepsy. It is concluded that further interaction between neuropsychiatrists and behavioural neurologists is of importance for further development of our understanding of such problems. NNBN 6:60–69, 1993

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID