ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:It has been asserted that the neuropsychological changes associated with normal aging reflect alterations in frontal/subcortical structures. To investigate this hypothesis, the present study compared the neuropsychological performance of three groups: (a) 14 normal elderly males with no history of neurologic, psychiatric, or substance abuse history (mean age, 70 years); (b) 14 males diagnosed with AIDS dementia complex (mean age, 37.5 years); and (c) 13 male patients with AD (mean age, 71.5 years). The results indicate that, despite dramatic age differences between the normal elderly and AIDS dementia patients, there was a remarkable similarity in the neuropsychological test performance of these two groups. In contrast, patients with AD were notably worse on nearly all neuropsychological measures. The AIDS dementia complex affects primarily subcortical structures whereas AD produces cortical dysfunction. These data are consistent with prior speculations that alterations in frontal–subcortical systems contribute significantly to changes in cognitive processes most affected by aging.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:To resolve the controversy about whether there are two fundamental categories of dementia, we selected the presence or absence of motoric disturbance in dementia patients as an external criterion reflecting putative subcortical and cortical pathology. Dementia patients with motoric disturbance (DEM M+ group) and dementia patients without motoric disturbance (DEM M− group) matched on global dementia severity, age, and education were compared on operational measures of bradyphrenia, naming disturbance, and amnesia. The data revealed that (a) patients with dementia and movement disorder were more bradyphrenic, (b) bradyphrenia was not accounted for by severity of primary motor disturbance, (c) naming disturbance was equally frequent and severe but qualitatively different, and (d) no differences were found in either the frequency and severity of memory disorder in free or cued recall. These preliminary data provide tentative support to the idea of two fundamental classes of dementia.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The investigation and development of self-report measures of cognitive ability have focused primarily on memory functions. We report on the development and validation of a questionnaire of visuoperceptual ability. A 45-item questionnaire was developed on a rational basis to assess self-ratings of visual perceptual and spatial ability. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 68 neurologically normal adults aged 20–75 years. Reliability (internal and 6 month retest) for the questionnaire was satisfactory. Validity was established by relating questionnaire responses to objective test performance on measures of visual–perceptual functioning and nonvisual perceptual functioning. These findings indicate that it is possible to assess reliably and accurately the self-report ratings of visuoperceptual ability. Similarities and differences of these findings and those reported for self-report measures of memory ability are discussed.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:Misidentification syndromes, such as Capgras syndrome (CS) and reduplication syndrome (RS), have been associated with right hemisphere dysfunction. We report a 77-year-old woman who misidentified her mirror-image as another person identical to herself. Examination revealed a left homonymous hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed right temporoparietal atrophy. Published cases of CS (n = 26) and RS (n = 96) were reviewed in which brain dysfunction was implicated. In CS, there was a trend toward greater occurrence of right- versus left-sided abnormality (χ2= 3.6. p = 0.06); in RS, there was a significantly greater occurrence of right-sided cases (χ2= 23.4, p = 0.0000). This suggests that CS and RS are associated with right hemisphere dysfunction. Furthermore, cortical stimulation studies have shown that right temporal lobe stimulation may elicit experiences of familiarity–unfamiliarity. We conclude that the right hemisphere, and particularly, the right temporal lobe, may be dominant for a sense of familiarity with environmental stimuli.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:A case report and literature review of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are presented to introduce these syndromes as a diagnostic consideration when dementia presents at a young age.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary:The contributions of smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormalities to the understanding of schizophrenia are compared with the contribution of electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities to the understanding of epilepsy. SPEM abnormalities may support the diagnosis of schizophrenia just as interictal EEG abnormalities are supportive of, but not pathognomonic for, the diagnosis of epilepsy. SPEM abnormalities may identify homogeneous groups of schizophrenics, just as EEG abnormalities are used to define homogeneous groups of epileptics. As a putative genetic marker, SPEM may clarify the pattern of genetic transmission of schizophrenia, just as the EEG has clarified the inheritance of certain kinds of genetic epilepsy. Both physiologic markers may play critical roles in probing the molecular genetics of each disorder by defining biologically homogeneous groups of patients and identifying asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic genes.

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0894-878X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID