ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several approaches are being utilized in the search for susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. Linkage analyses using extended families and affected sibling pairs have suggested several promising loci, including a locus on chromosome 1 with a potentially large effect on schizophrenia susceptibility. Association studies have examined many novel genes throughout the genome, and a recent report has implicated a novel gene perhaps involved in neurodevelopment. New strategies continue to evolve, such as the analysis of phenotypes that may be more closely linked to the neurobiology of the disorder, as well as the assessment of the variation in antipsychotic drug response. It is hoped that these new strategies, as well as ongoing developments in the rapidly progressing field of genomics, will soon result in the identification of the first susceptibility genes for this disorder.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is widespread consensus that schizophrenia is a syndrome marked by neurodevelopmental abnormalities of brain structure and function. New research strives to identify more specific markers of pathophysiological processes, and to determine the timing at which different pathological features emerge. Progress has been made in identifying the risks posed by early environmental insults, and distinguishing these from familial (and presumably genetic) risks. The focus of research has moved progressively back in the course of the illness to find early characteristics that may enable the prediction of subsequent illness, and thereby foster the development of earlier interventions. Finally, the field seems to be witnessing a revival of theoretical speculation, with several new syntheses of existing literature pointing to new hypotheses about pathophysiology in a neurodevelopmental context.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychiatric syndromes, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic, and substance use disorders, co-occur with schizophrenia at significant rates. These syndromes interact with schizophrenia symptoms in clinically meaningful ways, and can be associated with adverse outcomes such as suicide, long-term disability, medication nonadherence, and frequent hospitalization. Data to inform treatment of co-occurring syndromes are largely anecdotal, and further studies are required to understand better the risks and benefits of treatment options. Weight gain and disturbances of glucose and lipid metabolism are emerging as significant medical comorbidities in patients treated with new-generation antipsychotic agents, and preventive interventions are urgently needed.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Most publications over the past year that are relevant to the topic of antipsychotic drug treatment were concerned with the newer, atypical antipsychotic drugs, and the present review reflects this emphasis. Accordingly, the latest data on safety and efficacy are discussed for clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, amisulpride, quetiapine and zotepine. The effects of the new antipsychotics on neurocognition have been a topic of interest for several years, but it has been difficult to draw firm conclusions from the diverse studies. Several useful reviews are now available, along with important and well controlled new studies. As discussed here, these advance our understanding in this area and support the opinion that the new antipsychotics have individual advantages over conventional drugs. Positron emission tomography and single-photon emission tomography ligand-binding studies of these drugs are also described, because they provide useful information linking dose, D2-receptor occupancy and clinical response. A second emphasis of the review concerns the practicalities of treatment with both conventional and the newer antipsychotics. The latest information regarding the effects of abrupt discontinuation of antipsychotic medication and the treatment of refractory schizophrenia is appraised. Finally, the vexing question of how prolonged duration of untreated psychosis might adversely affect prognosis is considered in the light of several new papers.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The multifaceted clinical syndrome of schizophrenia continues to unfold before the onset of psychosis, at onset and thereafter. We now know that the occurrence of schizophrenia differs quite markedly between groups defined at a social level, such as neighbourhoods, urban-rural dichotomies or ethnic groups. This understanding of longitudinal phenotypes and of variation in incidence is allowing research to explore interactions between individuals, their genes, their immediate environments and their social contexts.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

When reviewing clinical research on delusional depression published since 1999 the following results have emerged: (1) Mood-congruent delusions are indicators of severity of depressive episodes. (2) Among the new generation antidepressants fluvoxamine has a hgh response rate (79%) in patients with mood-congruent delusional major depression. (3) Among the new generation (atypical) antipsychotics neither risperidone nor quetiapine has been found effective. (4) However, quetiapine has been found effective in schizoaffective disorder. This is in agreement with research on cognitive functioning which has placed schizoaffective disorders closer to schizophrenia than to mood disorders.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent studies have provided further evidence that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disturbance is central to the pathophysiology of depression. Evidence continues to emerge that supports the view that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is an appropriate target for the development of novel antidepressants, and that disturbances in the release of growth hormone in depression are secondary to an alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Studies that focus on blunted 5-hydroxytryptamine-stimulated prolactin release have indicated that it is a marker for aggression rather than the core symptoms of depression. Until recently, few studies focused on bipolar patients. This situation has now altered and our biological understanding of bipolar illness is expanding.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review focuses on recent research examining the mechanism of action of lithium, its neuroprotective effects and the potential clinical implications of these, as well as examining its efficacy in treatment studies and its reported antisuicide effects.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID