ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A number of recent studies assessing aspects of presentation and predictors of the course of depression are reviewed. Additionally, several substantive points are emphasized, including whether major depression is 'major'; a lexicon for capturing course of illness descriptors; chronicity and high relapse rate of depressive disorders; and predictors of active treatment and placebo response.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reviews recent advances in the somatic treatment of major depression. Topics include studies of the efficacy, safety, and spectrum of action of novel antidepressants, and new approaches in the use of electroconvulsive therapy. Strategies for the treatment-resistant patient, and continuation and maintenance therapy are highlighted.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Most major affective disorders are recurrent conditions. A minimum period of 4-6 months of continuation therapy is now recommended for all unipolar depression patients, which should continue until the patient has achieved a stable, symptom-free recovery. An extended course of maintenance pharmacotherapy is recommended for unipolar patients at risk for subsequent recurrent episodes. Recent studies document particularly high risks of relapse, recurrence, and cycling in bipolar disorder. It is unclear, however, if the prognosis of bipolar disorder is worsening due to secular factors or if the apparent decline in the success of lithium prophylaxis is a result of various methodologic factors. Although available data are promising, neither carbamazepine nor valproate are definitively proven as first-line prophylactic treatments. Because affective disorders are at increasingly greater risk of becoming more autonomous, severe, and potentially refractory with each new episode, prevention of recurrent illness is the best available strategy to ensure an optimal long-term outcome.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Both structural and functional neuroimaging studies implicate the basal ganglia, limbic system, frontal cortex and temporal lobes in the etiology of depression and mania. Preliminary evidence of serotonin and dopamine dysfunction in these regions is now available. Rapid development of imaging methodology and future research with these techniques should further elucidate both the structural and biochemical basis of affective disorder.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent research on the biology of depression has focused on traditional areas of interest, with neurochemistry and neuroendocrinology predominating. However, a more detailed investigation into the possible mechanisms underlying the putative pathophysiology is an emerging trend. This interest appears to be driven by the growing body of knowledge in basic neurobiology.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reviews recent advances in sleep research in affective disorders. Some specific issues, such as genetic and familial aspects of sleep are discussed and new results from studies in depressed adolescents are reported. Conclusions from a large meta-analytic study of sleep in psychiatric disorders are evaluated and sleep studies in some eating disorders are considered.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The main findings and conclusions of epidemiological research on schizophrenia in the period under review concern: the incidence of the disorder across different cultures; its associations with gender and age and the possibility that it may be declining; an unexplained exceptionally high frequency of schizophrenia among Afro-Caribbean patients in the UK; a better outcome in the developing countries; an association of a fraction of the incidence with influenza epidemics; and additional evidence of the role of genetic risk factors. A critical evaluation of the complex pattern suggested by such findings should lead to more sharply focused research.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The year's research on non-biological factors relevant to the cause and management of schizophrenia is reviewed. It reflects a deepening understanding but reveals new questions of the cause and treatment of high expressed emotion and an emerging interest in cognitive and psychological methods to treat the primary disorder and improve individual and family treatment strategies. Further studies of the efficacy of community-centred treatment programmes are reported as well as studies on ethnicity and the methods of studying the costs of schizophrenia and its treatment.

ISSN:0951-7367    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID