摘要:

AbstractThe normal subdeltoid bursa is not visible on the plain films of the shoulder. The extrasynovial fat is clearly defined, however, deep to deltoid along the outer margin of the upper end of the humerus for about 2·5 cm. It is about 1–2 mm wide. It passes up deep to the deltoid muscle and on to the under-surface of the acromion process in the form of a thin crescent. When the bursa is enlarged by synovial fluid or by synovial thickening, or both, as in rheumatoid arthritis, it can be visible on the plain radiographs. In some cases the bursa is not clearly separated from the deltoid and presents as a mass lesion.(1)Direct evidence. The bursa can be seen as a mass lesion between the humeral shaft and the deep surface of deltoid. It has a well-defined lower lateral, caudal and medial margin outlined by extrasynovial fat.(2)Indirect evidence. The bursal enlargement acts merely as a mass lesion, displacing the deltoid muscle laterally, away from the humeral shaft and causing the deltoid just distal to its origin to be thicker and rounder than usual. Normally the deltoid muscle is flattest at this point. These features are demonstrated in the line diagrams. The density of the deltoid bursal complex is increased.No previous description of the soft tissue signs of an enlarged subdeltoid bursa has been found. This finding may alert the clinician to the possibility of shoulder joint disease, particularly in relation to rheumatoid arthritis.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-481

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRheumatoid tenosynovitis is common and is often treated by local steroid injections. Sodium diatrizoate (Hypaque) has been added to the hydrocortisone acetate injected to demonstrate the pattern of rheumatoid involvement and the distribution of injected steroids.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-487

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe typical radiological findings following contrast arthrography in rheumatoid arthritis (in patients for whom synovectomy was under consideration) are presented.The importance of this examination, particularly in the diagnosis of calf swellings, is stressed.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-493

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifteen haemophiliacs, 12 severe and three mild, have been studied over a five-year period. Control films of knees and elbows have been taken and related to the total number of haemarthroses which each joint has suffered. Direct correlation exists between the severity of the disease clinically and haematologically and the radiological appearances. The age at which the first joint bleed takes place seems to have little influence on the eventual appearance of the joints. If more than two significant bleeds have taken place into any one joint, then inevitable permanent changes are to be seen subsequently. It has not been found possible to discover any useful prognostic significance in individual features of radiological joint damage.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-498

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe demonstration of worms in the biliary system by cholangiography is illustrated.A review of 87 cases over four years is presented.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-506

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The demonstration of extravasation of contrast medium during carotid angiography from a vessel damaged by a head injury was first described by Löhr (1936). Since then many articles together with two cases of the authors' have been published embracing this subject. Extravasation of contrast medium from torn meningeal arteries due to head injury has been reported by many authors, but extravasation from cerebral arteries is rare. Bergström and Lodin (1967) reported extravasation from cerebral arteries in two cases of intracerebral haematoma with no history of head injury.The following three cases, only one of which had a history of previous trauma, show unusual shadows of contrast medium, apparently extravasatory, from a cerebral artery.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-509

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDoses to the skin received by patients undergoing radiographic examination have been calculated for all the positions and views detailed by K. C. Clark inPositioning in Radiographyand by Ilford Ltd. in the bookletX-ray Exposure Record. Doses are given with and without the effect of back-scatter.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-511

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo hundred and seventy-seven patients treated by an X-ray menopause in the period 1942–52 have been followed up for an average of 16·1 years. The number of deaths from different causes were compared with the numbers reported from a similar population analysed in the mortality rates published by the Registrar-General for the Eastern Region of England and Wales. It was found that there was a significantly increased mortality from all causes in the treated group and that this was mainly attributable to an increase of deaths from cancer at heavily irradiated sites occurring more than five years after treatment. There was also a significant increase in deaths from coronary disease, myocardial degeneration and cerebrovascular disease within five years of treatment. A comparison of the incidence of cancer with the numbers to be expected calculated from the registration at the Cambridge Cancer Registration Bureau, showed a significantly increased incidence of cancer of heavily irradiated sites occurring more than five years after treatment. There was no reduction in the incidence of breast cancer, and there were no cases of leukaemia.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-519

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dose distributions in a phantom man exposed to monodirectional electromagnetic radiation in the energy range 0·02 to 1·25 MeV are calculated as a function of incident fluence. This procedure is consistent with established practice in neutron dosimetry. The calculations are performed by a Monte Carlo technique whereby 30,000 photon histories are followed down to a cut-off energy of 10 keV.The results are used to derive the integral over the mass of both dose and dose squared. Dose to the gonads and other organs in several radiation fields are calculated and compared with experimental data. The critical organ is thus identified and the possibility of designing a “risk” meter based on these data is noted.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-522

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple descriptive model of the mental processes involved in the visualisation of count density variations in radioisotope scanning displays is proposed in which an area of interest is compared with the regions around it. From this a new approach is developed by which the visual significance of an area is related to the statistical significance of the area from its surroundings.This leads to the determination of the statistically optimum sampling area for a Gaussian profiled image. Application of the method explains some experimental work on the visual perception of noise limited images under practical scanning conditions.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-42-499-530

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY