摘要:

An interesting contribution to the vexed problem of how radium and X rays produce their effects is made in the tenth scientific report of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund.It is known that oxidations are closely associated with the presence of minute quantities of very active iron compounds in the cell, and that it is essential for the cell's economy that these catalytic centres shall remain unimpaired. Despite the extreme difficulty of investigatingin vivothe delicate processes of the cell's life, and the danger of applying to the living cell results obtainedin vitro, Dr. H. G. Crabtreeshows that tissues under constant irradiation gradually, after a period of some hours, lose their power of using oxygen, this result being produced more rapidlyin vitrothanin vivo. The effect of the fall in magnitude of respiration in the Jensen rat sarcoma is to damage its effectiveness in checking glycolysis, but on the whole glycolytic processes are very resistant to the damaging effects of radium.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-801

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The third Annual Report of the National Radium Trust and Radium Commission, recently published (October 1932), forms an interesting record of the development of radium centres already existing throughout this country, and the initiation of certain new centres. The report of the National Radium Trust dealing with the purely financial aspects will be of considerable interest in showing how purchases of radium have progressed. The report of the Radium Commission shows that the year's work has been concentrated largely on the development of the national radium centres and so-called regional radium centres, the latter being situated in Nottingham, Norwich, Southampton, Plymouth and Stoke-on-Trent. These centres are not associated, as are the national centres, with recognised medical schools, yet have promised to carry out the national radium policy with the same efficiency and co-operation as the national centres. Moreover, they are not as yet in working order, but it is hoped that they will be in the near future. The Commission maintains a policy which will undoubtedly be endorsed by those having accurate knowledge of the present state of radium therapy: that the indiscriminate wide-spread distribution of radium is undesirable. The possession of a scalpel is not the sole condition of success for a surgeon, nor is the proximity of a small amount of radium the sole condition for the success of radium therapy.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-803

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Therapy by continuous irradiation of the whole body is attracting an increasing interest. Dr. H. E. Heublein, whose recent death is a great loss to radiology, had developed in the Memorial Hospital, New York, a technique for treating four patients together in a small ward, almost continuously, for long periods, and the work is being continued by his successors. The patients have been suffering from conditions, such as lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, leukæmia, and carcinoma with widespread metastases, which could not be benefited by the ordinary means. The machine, for the design of which Dr. G. Faillawas largely responsible, works for about 20 out of the 24 hours, almost entirely without attention, at 180 KV and 3 ma.; the generator, a new type Coolidge tube with hard glass, had worked continuously up to November 5 for 2,150 hours. One pair of beds is about 24 ft. and the other pair about 18 ft. from the focus, and a fifth patient can be treated at a much shorter distance for brief periods without interrupting the treatment of the others. The cost is only five or six shillings a day. The results have not been striking, but some definite evidence of improvement has been noted, especially in patients with radio-sensitive neoplastic disease.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-804

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Annual Congress of the Institute will be held at the Central Hall, Westminster, on December 7, 8, and 9. Sir George Newman, K.C.B., LL.D., will open the proceedings at 2–30 p.m. on Wednesday, December 7. The Mackenzie-Davidson Lecture on “The Neutron” will be delivered on the same day at 5 p.m. by Dr. J. Chadwick.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-806-b

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hitherto there has been no pre-eminently satisfactory method of applying diathermy to an irregular surface such as the face, the elbow or the ankle. The difficulty has been to obtain a sufficiently close and even fit of the electrode over the surface; the result of irregular contact is that certain spots are overheated. The following technique arose out of that which I developed for intra-oral treatment.The electrode for external use consists of a rigid insulated sheet of vulcanite or bakelite roughly moulded to form a casing over the area to be treated. A shape for a special part is shown in Fig. 1. It is held in place by means of rubber bands attached to studs embedded in the material in suitable places (Fig. 2). The base is totally lined on the tissue side with metal foil, which is connected to an external terminal. When required for use, the metal surface of the electrode is thickly coated with Diatol I, a plastic conducting material (Fig. 3).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-807

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three years ago, a male patient suddenly vomited more than a pint of clear fluid mixed with dark red blood. He was admitted to the Alloa Hospital and the vomiting stopped on the day of admission. At the same time bleeding piles, which had been troubling him at times for several years, began to bleed more severely whenever his bowels moved. He passed bright red blood and darker clots. He was in hospital for a week. On discharge he was very weak, and rested at home for a month. There was no further vomiting, but the piles continued to bleed. Weakness continued after he returned to work. He was eating well but losing weight.As he was not improving, he was admitted to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh and was treated with liver for six weeks.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-811

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the course of the barium examination of an adult male patient on April 22, 1932, a film of the stomach and duodenum was taken (Fig 3).

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-812

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Köhler's essential disease of the second metatarso-phalangeal joint (Köhler-Freiberg osteochondritis) is rather rare, especially in the later years of life.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-813

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has long been known that the ovary is particularly sensitive to radiation, and that it also shows the effect of selective action in a marked degree. For these reasons the ovary of the rabbit has been one of the tissues chosen for studying the differential action of gamma radiation. As frequent use will be made of the two terms “differential” and “selective” action, it may be as well to distinguish them.Selective action:When a beam of radiation passes through a collection of cells some varieties are more affected by the irradiation than others, quite irrespective of the variation in the intensity of the irradiation as it goes from one point to another or from plane to plane. The ovary is a good example. For years it has been known that the ovary can be put temporarily, or even permanently, out of action with a dose of X rays which will cause no appreciable damage either to the skin or to the tissues lying between the skin and the ovary. Moreover, the ovary further shows selective action in that the cells of which it is composed vary enormously in their sensitiveness to radiation; with a particular dose it is possible practically to destroy the ova and Graafian follicles without doing any appreciable damage to the rest of the ovary.Differential action:Differential action is said to occur when different biological effects take place in any particular tissue after exposure to radiation of different wave-lengths, although the actual amount of energy liberated in the tissues is the same.The experiments detailed in this paper have been made to see whether any differential action is shown in the effects of radiation on the ovary of the rabbit when using different groups of gamma rays from radium. Before any biological work could be done it was necessary to make very careful physical measurements of the tubes used, so that the total effect of the radiation and not only that of the harder gamma rays might be taken into account. The technical details of the radium tubes are given in Table I.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-814

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

At the meeting held on October 7, 1932, Sidney Weintroub and Elsie A. Simmons were elected to Fellowship.

DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-5-59-823

出版商:The British Institute of Radiology    

年代:1932

数据来源: WILEY